


f. ' ■ -■ i% 

■ 

_■■■ . ' • 



; mmmMMm 







1 


■ S 

38 


wSngS&^j^M 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS, 
©fjap.:. .©tt^rig^u, 



UNITED STATES OP AMERICA. 



ceod 



^COB WAl^ 



188 RIVER STREET. 



PATERSON. N- 0. 



Manufacfurer of all kinds of 



^ 
"=** 



Reeds, Harnesses, Lingoes, Mails* 




SHUTTLES *H£ QV1ILLS, 




DKALEK IN 



Weavers' Materials in General. 



TELEPHONE CALL 30. 



wmmrnmmmmm 



:T 



WORCESTER. Mass.. 



s 



'p 



IUILDERS OF 



OPEN * SHED * FANCY t LOOHS, 

And Every Variety o? Weaving Machinery. 



We make a Specialty of Looms for 



Satins 




Bros Grain 

RiDtOOS. 



WE ALSO BUILD 



^Jaqaards, Debbtes, Shedding Engines, Etc.t- 



SEND FOR CIRCULARS. 




Rise=and=Fal! 624b. 
Rotary Cylinder Jacquard. 



Our Rise=and=Fall 

624=hook 

Rotary Cylinder 

Jacquard 

Is at present running" in Paterson at 140- 
picks per minute on broad silks and pro- 
ducing perfect cloth at that speed. 

We invite you to inspect this Jacquard 
at the store of our Paterson Agent, Holden 
Rigby, Washington and Fair Streets, where 
we shall be pleased to show you its superior 
mechanism in actual operation. 

SCHAUM & UHLINGER, 

Philadelphia, U. S. A. 





7is -^t/^i^tsuz/tt^yn/ ^CJu 



tebe^tA ^X<4^C 




«3THE[> 



SILK CALCULATOR 



A PRACTICAL MANUAL 



SILK CALCULATIONS 



Yarn Comparative Tables, Weight Tables, Calculations of 
Silks and Calculation Blanks. 



THIRD EDITION. 



JOHN J: RUEGG. 



SUPERINTENDENT FOR GOLDEN ROD SILK COMPANY. 



PATERSON, N. J. /W^Wwe^ 



PATERSON, N. J.: 

CALL PRINTING AND PUBLISHING COMPANY. 

1894. 



k^> 



T\S/4>7/ 



•[Second edition] 



PREFACE, 



Nothing is more necessary to the Silk Manufacturer 
than the ability to make up calculations quickly and 
accurately. To do this, he needs weight tables of warp 
and filling, out of which he can sec at a glance the neces- 
sary exact weights. 

These tables have been in use by the publisher For a 
long time and were only reprinted by tin 4 special request 
of some friends in the silk manufacturing trade, who, also 
would like to use this manual. We know that in general 
the calculations of silks is very complicated, and that it 
takes a certain education and experience to calculate with- 
out self-delusion, particularly complicated goods. This 
calculator facilitates our problem considerably by means of 
the calculation formularies, weight and comparative tables: 
on the other hand, these tables are of great use to us in the 
dyeing and warping departments, and will save us much 
trouble and time in many different ways. 

John J. Ruegg. 



Paterson, 1ST. J., Dec 1893 



^nv/7 



[THIRD edition.] 
PREFACE. 



The continual demand of this work has shown how 
practical the " Silk Calculator" in the various manufac- 
turing departments has been found. This third edition 
has been increased considerably by Comparative Tables, 
Calculations of Silks in twelve qualities and articles. Yarn 
Calculations and explanations of decomposition and calcula- 
tion. The entire work now contains twenty-live tables. 

Considering that thick volumes can be written about 
calculations to explain the thousandfold knowledge 
gathered by twenty years 1 experience in decomposition and 
calculation of plain and very rich fancy goods, this "Silk 
Calculator" will nevertheless form a good basis to many 
who intend increasing their knowledge in the silk line, and 
in many places it is perhaps proper to obtain a more 
uniform and more rational system of calculation. 

The Polisher. 



CONTENTS. 



PAGE. 

Explanation of Decomposition and Calculation. . . . 7-17 

Yarn Calculations 18-21 

Calculations of Silks in 12 different articles and 

qualities 23-34 

Calculation Blanks 35-110 

Warp Weight Table of Raw or Thrown Silk- 
Length: 100 Yards 112-115 

Warp Weight Table of Raw or Thrown Silk; 

Length : 300 Yards 116-119 

Warp Weight Table of Cotton or Spun Silk Yarns; 

Length : 100 Yards 120-121 

Filling Weight Table of Tram; Width: 20 Inches; 

Length : 100 Yards 124-126 

Filling Weight Table of Tram; Width: 24 Inches; 

Length : 100 Yards 127-129 

Filling Weight Table of Tram; Width: 2Hl Inches; 

Length : 100 Yards 130-131 

Filling Weight Table of Cotton or Spun Silk Yarns; 

Width: 24 Inches; Length : 100 Yards ; 132 

Remarks about Waste 133 

Comparative Yarn Tables 136-142 



THE DECOMPOSITION AND CALCULATION. 



THE DECOMPOSITION AND CALCULATION OF SILK IN GENERAL 
CONSISTS OF TEN PRINCIPAL PARTS. 



1. Binders or Armures of the Web. 

2. Number of ends per inch, width of cloth and reed. 

3. Number of picks per inch. 

4. Sizes and weights of the raw materials. 

5. Dyeing. 

0. Wages in the whole manufacturing process. 

7. Harness and eventual designs. 

8. Finishing. 

9. General Expenses. 

10. Selling Expenses. 

The manufacture of silk is so very manifold that a large amount of spe- 
cial kind of manufacture can be treated. The object of the Silk Calculator, 
however, is not to enter upon specialties, but to treat the manufacture of silk 
in general, and only in as much as it concerns advantageous calculation. 

BINDERS OR ARMURES. 

If we have a sample before us to calculate, we take our familiar counting 
glass which enlarges the web about 8 times and examine the sample by the 
ground binders. We see whether the binder is Tabby, Surah or Satin, 
Armure, combined binders or a Jacquard weave. By means of a needle 
holder we can specify the exact Armures, for instance, we see in a £ inch 
counting glass on the back of a satin sample, 8 repeats, i. e., 8 thread bind- 
ers; now we have to decide whether the satin binders are 5, 8, 10 or 12. 
For this purpose the best would be if we would slowly pull out a thread from 
the back of the sample and then observe after how many picks it is bound 
again ; if we see that it is again bound after the seventh pick, i. e. , 7 floats 
and 1 binder, it is a satin sample of 8, is the thread only bound after 11 picks 
it is a satin sample of 12, etc. 

In the same manner we analyze Surahs, Twills, Diagonals, Royals, 
Armures, etc. If we have in a satin sample 8 repeats and the binder is one 
of 8, we have in a quarter of an inch 8x8 = 64 ends or in one inch 4x64 = 256 
ends per inch or in 21 inches 21x264 = 5376 ends. All silks weave in or 
take up more or less, consequently we will have to add 1, 2, or 3 per cent, 
of the number of ends, so that in above case, the goods are 21 in. wide after 
weaving. In case goods have special edges we mostly make them as much 
wider as the number of ends they contain, because in a number of goods, the 
webs do not weave in more than a quarter of an inch, in some of course i 
inch and more. Special weave and special finish change this rule and in the 
specification of ends, we have to take into consideration our experience and 
all circumstances. 

After we have the number of ends of the sample in the whole width, 
we will have to determine the calculation of the reed. If we want to manu- 
facture goods exactly as per sample, we find out the reed best, if we hold the 



sample and counting glass, in proper manner, up to the broad daylight, and 
with a little practice, we can see in an instant, that there are always a num- 
ber of ends together and that between each of these groups of ends there is 
a very small empty space. In this empty space the dent of the reed has been 
while weaving. We can then easily determine whether 2, 3, 4, or more 
ends are together. In a satin of 8 with 256 ends per inch, we can mostly 
specify 4 ends per dent, what in a reed of 64 dents per inch, is called a ^t. 

In certain loose or very rich webs, it is sometimes difficult to see the 
reed in the weave; an experienced calculator, however, knows his rules and 
choses his reed mostly around 60 dents per inch and not higher than 80 
dents ; only in very few cases and only for special goods he will go as much as 
100 dents per inch, the finer the reed, the better the quality of the material and 
the twist of the silk has to be, and the less picks the goods ought to have. 

To determine the number of picks, we again take the counting glass, 
place it on the back of the sample, very often the best is to put it on the 
edges and count the picks in a quarter of an inch and in an inch. Is the 
sample a combined web with different proportions of picks we will have to 
find out the picks in an inch of each web, so that we can figure it correctly 
in the calculation of the material. 

MATERIALS. 

After the calculator has determined warp and filling as far as number 
of ends and picks are concerned, he has to find out the raw material. He 
has to determine before anything else, whether there is in a sample Raw or 
Thrown Silk, Spun, Cotton or Woollen Yarns. Owing to the experience 
and theory of each educated calculator in regard to material, he can, in an 
instant determine what it is. To specify them the following rules are worthy 
of notice : 

a) RAW SILK. 

This material we know, if we pull out a number of ends out of a sample, 
by the fineness of the thread, on which we can absolutely find no twist, 
which therefore by ordy very little elastic extension opens out into 15, 20 or 
more fine threads, called cocoon threads. This material we only find in 
piece-dyed goods and in sizes of 16-18 — 24-26 deniers. This silk works very 
advantageous in manufacture. 

b) THROWN SILK. 

ORGANZINE. 

Under Organzine Straffilato we understand a silk twisted together out 
of two (for special purposes also more) ends in which the single thread 
receives a turn from right to left of generally 15-16 turns per inch (tilato or 
first twist) the doubled or compound thread a reversed turn from left to 
right of generally 14-12 turns per inch (torto or second twist). In Organzine 
Strattorto, or hard twist, the double thread receives 18 turns per inch for 
filato or first twist and 14 turns per inch for torto or second twist. 

Under Organzine moyen appret (medium twist), we understand a silk- 
thread with 12-14 turns per inch for filato or first twist, and 8-10 turns per 
inch for torto or second twist. 



TRAM. 

Tram is manufactured by generally doubling two, three, four or more 
Raw Silk threads to an end and then receiving a slight twist of ordinarily 2 
to 3 turns per inch. 

RAW OR THROWN SILK 

is principally distinguished by its origin (Provenienz) European, Levantine, 
Asiatic silks with their mostly existing sub-divisions : 

French, Italian, Spanish, Syrian, Brassia, Nonka, Bengal, China, 
Canton, Japan and a great number of other gradations according to region 
and race. 

c) SPUN SILK YARN. 

This silk is spun out of the cocoon waste, the extreme outer and 
inner portion of every cocoon being used for spun silk, and cocoons which 
are in any way soiled or unable to produce a continuous thread. These 
wastes are called Struzzi. 

Of this fine, short material, hundreds of threads, after a preceding 
special process, according to sizes, are spun together to one. 

Spun Silk in the raw is generally yellowish or brownish, silk 
spun out of China waste is whitish, however; this natural color is imitated in 
other material by bleaching, which but with a little experience is easily 
distinguished. 

Spun Silk is mostly used in single, for filling for heavy goods, also very 
often in 2 ply twist as warp, with good quality Spun Silk, brilliant articles 
can be manufactured. 

d) COTTON YARN. 

In this material we principally distinguish two kinds: Egyptian and 
American Cotton. 

For cheap articles mostly American in 1 and 2 ply is used, but if we have 
rich, soft, even and lustrous Dress Silks to manufacture, we exclusively use 
Egyptian Cotton 1 or 2 ply, for rich Satin Cotton Backs, Bengalines, Serge 
for linings, etc., this material gives the best result. 

SIZES OF RAW OR THROWN SILK. 

Sizes of Raw and Thrown Silk we find the surest way in calculating, if 
we count the cocoon threads, by use ot the counting glass. In a raw silk 
14-15 deniers we can mostly count 10 to 12 cocoon threads to which we, 
according to the well known basis, have to add £ to get the sizes of the 
deniers. If, for instance, we extract out of a sample 12 ends we establish 
the sizes as follows : 

Organzine, threads I. II. III. IV. Y. YI. Y1I. YIII. IX. X. XI. XII. 
show Cocoon threads 17 18 21 17 23 18 18 19 19 21 17 18. 
An average of 18, 7 cocoon threads. 
Plus i=6, 3 

Total, 25 
22G cocoon threads or per 1 Organzine thread 12: 226 Average=25 
deniers or ||=li drams organzine. 



—10— 

The second proceeding, which we oftener use in the calculation of sizes, 
is, that we pull out of a sample to be examined, 24 warp or filling- 
ends and compare these with a seemingly similar, but well known 
to us, size, in twisted condition and continue the comparison with finer or 
coarser sizes till we are satisfied with the result, and consequently can cal- 
culate, the correct size. The counting of cocoon threads, which takes up 
so much time, but which is a very good practice, we shall mostly only 
then make use of, when we have very small samples sent to us to calculate. 

The quality of silk in the raw is designated by the color, lustre and 
hand, also by the cleanliness, evenness, elasticity and strength of the thread. 
To determine these qualities our eyes and hand, in the first place, serve us, 
secondly, as mechanical help, the proofs of size, elasticity and strength. 

The task of determining the nature of a silk when dyed in a weaved 
sample, therefore is not so easy, nevertheless we can in case we have good 
practice at our disposal distinguish High Classical Italian Organzine from 
other "Provenienzes. " 

Italian High Classical Organzine we shall mostly use for warps in rich 
articles, whereas China and Japan Filature Organzine for cheap Tie and 
Dress Silks and principally for mufflers and handkerchiefs. 

For tram in cheap articles nearly exclusively Japan Kaw stock is used, 
as Japan rereels, as well as China and Canton raw stock; the latter is very 
hairy and in consequence of its unevenness is used for 4, 5 and 6 threads tram 
of 3 and 4 turns per inch. For very rich or very particular articles Italian 
Classical raw stock is also often used for 2 thread tram, as we find es- 
pecially in such a filling evenness, elasticity and cleanliness ; we will also 
very often use best Japan Filatures. 

In case we do find in calculating a sample the real nature of a silk, it is 
not alwa} r s said that the manufacturer should use the same material. In 
choosing raw material there is still quite a lot of money thrown away in 
manufacturing. We see articles manufactured, which give us, with much 
cheaper raw stock the same goods in quantity, quality and effect, whereas 
again sometimes pretty nearly the opposite case occurs. If we use cheap 
material this should not be done at the sacrifice of the production, we run 
across many articles, in which such material, if treated right in the throwing 
process, does not display any bad influence at all on the result of the goods. 
In general we know that nice materials always give better results, but there 
are in our thousand-fold manufacturing process very many advantageous 
exceptions, with which we sometimes save very much money. 

The material in piece dyed goods we will mostly find for warp as 
Classical Italian Raw Silk §§, -ff, etc., deniers, although Japan Fil- 
ature best No. 1 is often chosen. 

In the material question, no special rules can be made. In choosing same 
the calculator has to make use of his entire experience, as well as to take 
into consideration his more or less capable machinery. 

In the question about raw material and its sizes, the real weight of the 
raw silk comes into consideration, without giving ourself to any self delusion. 
We know, that it often happens, that throwsters soak their silk with 5-10 
per cent, soap and oil. In case we base our calculation on such silk 
already soaked by the throwster, the result of the calculation will show no 



—11— 

small self delusion, consequently we have to, in a case like this, keep our 
eye on the kinds of soaked silk, and of course do better if we do the throw- 
ing ourselves or have the silk thrown as bright as possible. 

DYEING. 

According to the appearance of the silk, the calculator has to find out 
the way of dyeing. 

Is warp and filling in colors in a sample very bright and elastical, we 
suppose it is pure dye, is a filling mat in the color, it is generally weighted 

20 

oz., i. e. 30 per cent., for special purposes they are also weighted only y 
oz. but also fl oz., whereas for solid goods, only "pure dye" is used for warp 
and filling. Colors are generally dyed "pure dye" for warp, for filling often 
bright -*-£ oz., although where it is necessary to give the article a very 
effective appearance, and it does not depend upon "full hand," pure dye is 
used. Black bright for filling is generally weighted §£ oz., seldom |§ 
oz. Souple Colors as well as black, are mostly dyed for Dress Silks, where 
"full hand" and heavy goods are first condition, colors are mostly weighted 
||j f| oz'. , at the highest ff oz. and black mostly ££ oz., i. e. 
160 per cent, at the highest If oz., i. e. 225 per cent. Souple Silk we 
know by its mat appearance and very poor elasticity. 

It is a well known fact, that for instance, domestic goods are dyed in 
general much more solid than imported goods. In the weighting of silk, the 
Kuropean dyers accomplish the greatest that can be done and go into 
extremes to the disadvantage of the solidity of the goods. Considering that 
the domestic dyer, in comparison to the foreign dyer, has to pay higher 
wages, the extreme weighting is neither advantageous for the dyer nor for 
the manufacturer, and consequently the consumer has on domestic goods a 
perhaps unknown but considerable advantage regarding the solidity of 
silks. ]• 

For dyeing "souple dye," we mostly use best Japan Filature Tram, to 
Obtain a good weight, seldom Italian Tram, nevertheless it happens, but only 
for special goods. Coarse sizes can also be weighted heavier than fine 
sizes, for instance, a 2 thread filling can at the most, be weighted ff oz. 
in black, whereas 3, 4 and 5 thread 46-50 and 50-55 oz. 

WARP AND FILLING WEIGHTS. 

When the calculator has fixed the materials and their sizes, he figures 
their weights for the respective lenghts in warp and filling. In fixing the 
number of ends we have quoted an example in which our reed is supposed to 
be &£■ in 21 in. ; according to this supposition there would be 21x256= 5356 
ends. However, most goods weave in in width according to the weave 2, 3 or 
5 per cent., in many articles, we add the number of ends of the edges for 
weaving in, which can be mostly 120 to 160 double ends == 2x30 to 40 ends 
for a warp, etc. , etc. 

Now, if we have in the article in question 5356 ends, in an organzine 
|| deniers or l£ drams Italian Organzine, and the edges eventually of 



—12— 

Classical China Organzine ££ deniers or 2£ drams, it is an easy thing to 
establish in an instant the weights including waste, by use of the weight 
tables. 

The edges will have to be figured 5 to 10 per cent, longer than the 
warp according to the quality and kind of web. 

The weight tables are for warp 100 and 300 yards long, if we desire 
to figure the warp eventually 600 yards, for double wide goods 1200 yards, 
we have to double or quadruple the weights of the 300 yard tables. 

The weights of filling can be ascertained just as easily as the weights 
of warps. 

If in a sample the picks per inch are known to us, we multiply the 
width with the number of picks and length of the warp, and this with the 
size of the filling, divide by 1000 and 256, the result is lbs. 
Example: width, 21 inches 
picks per inch, 100 

length, 600 } r ards 
filling, 2i drams 
21x100 = 2100x600 = 1260000x2* = 3150000: 1000 = 3150: 256 = 
lb lbs. 12 or ls.,2 T 3 oV oz. 5. 

To this weight of filling, the waste according to the quality, dyeing and 
nature of the silk will have to be added = 5 to 10 per cent. Then the 
weaving in, in width and length will have to be taken into consideration. 
Many articles weave in, 2-3 per cent, in width, and 3-6 per cent, in length, 
consequently we have to figure as already mentioned, the filling in above 
example with 21£ inches, and for the length 580 yards at the most, instead 
of 600 yards for the warp. Mostly, however, we figure on the weaving in 
equalizing itself in width and length; this is not correct under certain circum- 
stances, however, practice mostly chooses the favorable side if it comes to 
trifles. 

WAGES. 

The American silk industry, in consequence of high wages and large 
competition with all European places like Switzerland, Italy, Spain, France, 
Germany, Austria, England and also Japan, is forced to prepare itself with 
the utmost energy for the most imaginable and most advantageous manu- 
facture; no stone is left unturned to render the greatest abilhy in every manu- 
facturing department; the American manufacturer continually improves his 
machinery, no trouble and money is saved in this direction. The better the 
machinery in a mill the more it can produce in better and cheaper articles. 

Nowhere it pays less than here to carry a large variety of articles and 
always to change, as it is done in European places. Here a manufacturer 
sticks to his staple articles as long as he can and the principle of quantity is 
made best of in the highest degree. Anybody who tries to swim against 
the stream can not possibly be successful. 

Now, if we want to figure on the cheapest possible wages we have to 
in the first place consider the most important factor, raw material. If we 
keep material, that works without any trouble during the manufacturing 
process, we are sure of a good result in our calculation. If we do not 
strictly carry out the principle of raw material, we are mostly deceived in 



13- 



some point in the calculation and the goods rather come higher than cheaper, 
the general expenses are rather unfavorable than favorable, the delivery time 
is rather later than earlier and workman, manufacturer and sellers are 
rather dissatisfied than satisfied. 

THROWING. 

Nowhere the advantage of good material shows itself as well as in this 
division of manufacture; we can run all machines with the highest speed 
and it pays to have in a very short while the best machinery. European 
throwsters are not little surprised, when they see the high speed American 
throwing machines, and when they see that our spinners run : 

For first twist 9,000 revolvtions. 

For second twist 7,500 revolutions. 

Of course there are exaggerations in this direction, b} r some machines 
being forced to 14,000 revolutions. Everything, also in good material has 
its boundary and just for the reason, in this case, to get a more even twist 
which is impossible and in every case disadvantageous if carried out to an 
extreme. If we desire to have our throwing machines run to an advantage, 
we generally only throw in few sizes and avoid altogether, fine silk 
as raw silk T 9 ff ^|, a great many manufacturers have their Organ zine 
thrown ff and ^f deniers and Tram if and jf deniers. 

SOFT SILK WINDING. 

For this work, we can render in this department with the latest winding 
frames in comparison to the former system a large advantage in capacity. 
"We know, that European winding frames are equipped with three spindles, 
one behind the other and that all silk is wound from the skein on the first 
spindle and bobbin, then from the second spindle and bobbin to the third 
spindle and bobbin. This running over is done to give the silk thread an 
even extension and to obtain good bobbins for the warpers. This work is 
not done by the American manufacturer in the same manner, and very sel- 
dom, and out of the simple reason, because this expensive work taking up 
so much time is less necessary on account of the use of strong extra classical 
material. If we think this rewinding or running over, necessary, we do 
not have this work done on winding frames by good paid winders, but on 
special draw sides and use cheap labor. 

If we have a particularly exact article or a lot spoiled in dying or a bad 
winding lot w r e have the silk wound twice. 

The most capable winding frame, in regard to quantity and space, for 
good material is the well known Double Deck Winding Frame, which is in 
our calculation undoubtedly 15-20 per cent, in our favor. 

Quill winding is mostly done for pure dye colors, light weighted and 
Cotton Spun Silk Fillings, etc., on "English Quillers," whereas heavy 
weighted fillings in black or colors, can only be quilled advantageously on 
' ' French Quillers. " 

WARPING. 

The warping process has a very great significance and so we can say 
well considered, warped well, is half woven. The principle, of course, is 



-14- 



shown in many different ways and that is why we have for warping so 
many different systems. 

The most rational, best and at the same time cheapest system is the 
Horizontal Warping Mill, but everybody has his own opinion about this, 
therefore we see in many factories only horizontal warpers, in others only the 
well known Swiss warping mills and in many factories both are used according 
to the quality of the goods. 

Undoubtedly the horizontal warping mills are the most advantageous in 
regard to capacity as they can furnish in the same space of time 2 to 3 times 
as many warps as possibly can be made on a Swiss mill, therefore the mak- 
ing of such a warp is much cheaper. 

For certain articles the horizontal warps are picked as good as possible 
in beaming and to avoid the well known trouble of the "section marks" the 
warp is again run back over the mill and again beamed. 

This warping system, however, is not the most advantageous, it is and 
can be correct for some articles, for the bulk, however, this system furnishes 
incontrollable warp and not absolutely the best warp for the weavers and 
all articles. 

The most rational warping system in regard to quantity and quality and 
cheapness is the following : 

The warps on horizontal mills are made with a creel of 400 to 500 bob- 
bins about 600, 700 or 800 yards long, beamed at once without being picked 
and then put on a power warp picking frame. In these very long stretched 
frames another cross besides the one already existing is made, the whole 
warp put through a reed, carefully picked, event. Soft and split ends, etc., 
removed and in 2 days with good material a 600 yard warp is im- 
proved in such a way as no warping mill can do, which is a great advantage 
for the quality of the goods and the weaving wages. 

In the well known Swiss warping system there is slowness and incom- 
pleteness, or only with first-class and experienced hands the warps are 
more or less perfect, but still very expensive. 

If we know how to introduce the most rational warping system in its 
greatest perfectness, we save thousands ot dollars not only direct, but also 
indirect by cheap weaving wages and besides this we also have the absolute 
advantage of much more perfect goods and capacity. Horizontal warping 
mills have a reel of 8, 10 or 12 yards circumference and the warping is 
mostly done by men, but can also without hesitation be accomplished by 
girls and women. 

In certain manufacturing towns, part of this warping system has already 
been introduced, but Avarps were only picked with an ordinary cross and 
on hand frames, which system was slow, imperfect and expensive. Only in 
the perfect system there is quickness, cheapness and superiority and the 
most imaginable favorable calculation. 

WEAVING. 

Warped well is half woven in regard to quality, quantity and wages. 
To this factor, we still need, to obtain the most favorable wages, high speed 
looms. 



—15— 

If we have good power, excellent looms, good Jacquard machines, best 
material a favorable calculation is most certain, if all this is missing, more 
or less, our calculation is certainly a self delusion and an unsuccessful work 

from A to Z. 

Our looms are mostly made 7 to 6 feet long or in many places even only 
5 feet loncc; the length of the loom has of course great influence on the 
elasticity of the silk, that is the reason why looms can be seen 8* to 9 feet 
Ion* in Europe in the manufacture of fine silk. If we set much value upon 
space we put a loom every 6, or at the most 7 feet, for Jacquard work, how- 
ever, with such short looms it is frequently overlooked to choose the most 
rational Jacquard machine. 

For short looms undoubtedly the most rational Jacqnard machine, which 
allows the least shed for Yarn dyed warps is the "Rotary Rise and 
Fall Jacquard " Machine. This Jacquard saves money in regard to the use 
of the harnesses, quality ol silk and can be run very easily 124-128 picks 

per minute. 

For high speed Jacquard work, piece dyed -goods, we frequently use a 
double lift, "double cylinder Jacquard machine, which will give very good 
satisfaction for the calculation of mufflers and handkerchiefs, etc. 

These Jacquards run first rate up to 160 picks' per minute, in general a 
rapidity of 140 picks per minute is already quite excellent and excels all 
other systems in capacity. For certain articles : 
The ordinary single lift Jacquard Rotary Cylinder 

" " double " " 
is used and same can work excellently up to 110 and 120 picks per minute 
according to article and silk. All these splendid machines make our calcu- 
lation much cheaper ; good long warps, high speed looms and Jacquards 
give us in weaving at leasl an advantage of 25 to 80 per cent, in calculating. 

PICKING. 

Picking wo call the next following work after weaving. Every piece 
is put on a picking frame, all weaving imperfections removed as good as 
possible, cleaned from loose ends, etc., and eventually rubbed. 

40 to 50 inch goods are mostly picked on power picking frames, while 
narrow goods are picked on hand frames; experience teaches us, however, 
that the power picking frames render us undoubtedly an advantage of 30 
per cent, in wages. 

FINISHING. 

The more perfect the finish the better the appearance of the goods, 
therefore we cannot speak about any saving in this division. Many goods 
must be singed, rubbed, finished and refinished, if we try to save and omit 
either one of these treatments, this omission would only be made at the 
sacrifice of the quality of the goods, and consequently at the sacrifice of the 
price. 

The more perfect finish the goods have, the more salable we make them 
and we cannot be attentive and strict enough in this direction. 



■IB- 



HARNESSES. 

The calculation of the harness and reed is done in different ways, one 
manufacturer figures the harness for 1, 2 or 3 warps and therefore figures 
the respective amount. This calculation of course depends greatly on the 
resp. article, loom, loom-fixing and event. Jacquard ; if we have excellent 
looms, and " head motions," or dobbies, we can weave in a shaft harness 6 
to 10 warps 600 yards each, if we have cheap looms it can- happen according 
to the articles that the harness has to be replaced after 1,500 to 2,000 yards. 
Jacquard Harnesses are very expensive, with good machines we ought to 
run them with the heaviest articles, if they are built rational, 2,000 yards, in 
light articles, treated well, we ought to be able to extend the capacity in 
staple articles from 5,000 to (5,000 yards. 

In staple goods Harnesses are used for 6-10 warps till they are worn 
out, and consequently at least £ of the Harness and Reed expense will have 
to be figured in the calculation. French Harnesses of 8,000 mails each, 
passing or entering and reeding cost about $15.00 ; if we divide this 
amount on 6 warps the Harness expenses for a calculation would only 
amount to $2.50. A Jacquard Harness of 8000 mails or lingoes costs com- 
plete about $72.00. If we figure ^ of this amount for such warp of about 
600 yards the harness and reed expenses for a calculation would be $12.00. 

Novelty Harnesses in plain and Jacquard we must, of course, figure on 
short time and mostly take the full cost in the calculation. 

DESIGNING. 

Pattern expenses, we distribute in calculating mostly on the respective 
order, if there are 600 yards ordered of a pattern, we distribute this expense 
on the number of yards, are only 100 yards ordered we have to figure the 
same way, which in this case of course, makes the article considerably more ex- 
pensive. There is also much saving in advantageous drawing and according to 
a certain drawing proceeding, in patterns, 50 per cent, can be saved in many 
cases. In a large amount of patterns much money and time can be saved 
as no ground binders, are they, Tabby Satins or Armures, have to be drawn 
in case the card cutter knows his business and is instructed in such consid- 
erable saving. 

In correct rational drawing, the calculation of a design is often 30 to 
50 per cent, cheaper. 

GENERAL EXPENSES. 

This division comprises the following expenses: 
1. Annual interest and repairs on mills or rents. 
2 Power. 

3. Machinery repairs. 

4. ' ' fixing. 

5. " and factory cleaning. 

6. Salaries of bookkeepers and foremen. 

7. Stationary expenses. 

8. Amortization of machinery, fixtures, furniture, etc. 

9. Interest of active capital. 



—17— 

10. Taxes and insurances. 

11. Freight Expenses. 

12. Management. 

If we figure with other calculators simply to experiment, we can fre- 
quently see, that the general expenses are fixed in many different ways. 
Many are under the impression, that they can work with their buildings and 
machines for decenniunns and therefore only take a very small amount as 
amortization, many again make a mistake in figuring the expenses for loom 
fixing, interest, taxes, freight, etc. 

The correct specification must contain every expense as above mentioned, 
then the annual net sales must be ascertained and according to this state- 
ment the general expenses have to be figured. 

A great many manufacturers figure according to their experience and 
articles 15 per cent, for general expenses. 

II" a manufacturer produces among others, very advantageous articles, 
he will, as such articles bring large quantities sometimes go lower than 10 
per cent, for general expenses, or if he manufactures less favorable articles 
slow and awkward to manufacture he will have to go as high as 15 to 20 
per cent, for general expenses. 

The specilication of annual expenses and production and their respective 
percentages shall only serve the calculator as basis and according to quantity 
and quality the calculators must either lower or raise his percentage. In 
many mills we see comparatively very high general expenses, if we look for 
the reason, we see above all old cheap machinery, which need comparatively 
many hands, we see inferior raw materials in the manufacturing pro- 
cess, imperfect power, find insufficient capital, which prevent rational im- 
provements in this manner and in consequence thereof inferior capacity ; 
the general expenses are large and the production small so that the cal- 
culation can rise higher than to 15 per cent. 

But if we put our entire energy on rational management and capacity 
and figure in every calculation a regular percentage for General Expenses 
our result can only be favorable and if in full running order we ought to in 
this account make savings compared to the estimates. 

SELLING EXPENSES. 

To figure the sale price of an article, the calculator has to figure the 
selling expenses. These consist of discounts, which the customer demands, 
salaries of salesmen, as well as interest of capital invested, advertisements 
rents, traveling expenses, and insurances, etc., etc., or of commission, which 
has to be paid to the commission house. 

In the entire manufacturing process, we can, by rational machines and 
management, reduce the cost price considerably ; if, however, we want to 
enjoy the fruits of this improved capability, our goods must be sold by 
energetic, industrious and earnest salesmen. Both parties must work hand 
in hand. Wise, rational, cheap and good manufacture, wise, rational, quick 
sale, and this calculation, with all these best factors combined, must lead 
every mill to sure success. 



■18- 



YAKN CALCULATIONS. 

CLASSIFICATIONS OF YARNS USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SILKS. 

The sizes of yarns are based in the different raw materials upon the 
number of yards per lb. The number of yards changes according to the 
respective material, the higher the figure of the number the finer the yam, 
except in Raw Silk, where it is just the opposite. 

SILK YARNS. 

a) SPUN SILK. 

Spun Silk Yarns have 840 yards per hank, and are arranged according 
to the number of hanks per lb. (avoirdupois). Therefore, if 30 hanks, or 
30x840 yards = 25200 yards are necessary to make one lb., we say that the 
yarn is No. 30. If 60 hanks, or 60x840 or 50400 yards are necessary to 
balance one lb., this thread is a 60 yarn. Spun Silks for filling are mostly 
used 1 ply, for warps only 2 ply, and for No. if^, for instance, 2 threads 
No. 200 are twisted together, No. i«p lias 84000 yards in 1 lb., or 5250 
yards in one oz. = 16 drams. Spun Silk or Chappe in French sizes has a 
standard of 100,000 meters = 1 kilo. A French spun silk yarn No. A-f^ * ias 
120,000 meters to the kilo ; a yarn No. ^ ply has 100,000 yards to the 
kilo. 

b) RAW SILK. 

The standard basis for raw or thrown silk, is the dram per 1000 yards 
and in this way, that if a hank or 1000 yards would weigh 1 dram, such a 
silk is called a 1 dram silk. For Organzine 20000 yard skeins are generally 
made. If for instance, such a skein weighs 35 drams, such an Organzine 
would be called a If dram silk. Coarse numbers, for instance Trams, are 
frequently made in 10000 yards skeins, if such a skein would weigh 3 ounces 
and 2 drams = 50 drams, such silk would be called a 5 dram silk. The size 
of raw or thrown silk is always understood in its raw condition including 
Gum, for instance, the silk loses in boiling off or dyeing, according to its 
nature from 20 to 30 per cent. China Silks lose most, then Italian, and 
Japan the least. 

In the Italian scale, the fineness of the silk is specified by the "titre." 
This is designated by the number ofdeuiers a hank of a certain length 
weighs. Of the different systems the most used, and in cases of dispute the 
most reliable, is the titolo legale italiano. 

A skein of silk of 400 meters long, wound in 400 turns on a swift of 
1124 centimeters in circumference, and weighed with a unit of live ccnti- 
grahrm (called denier) forms the basis of the titolo legale. 

By the following reductions we obtain the result according to the old 
systems: 

100 deniers titolo legale = 103.70 old Milan deniers 
" " " " =99.117 " Turin 

44 " " " =99.583 " Lyons 

The international titre accepted by the International Congresses in 
Yienna, Brussels and Turin, and lawfully acknowledged by Germany, is 
based upon a hank of silk of 500 meters long, reeled in 400 turns of 125 



—19— 

centimeters and weighed with a denier of 5 eentigramm. The old Milan de- 
niers have as standard a hank of 476 metres (400 turns at 119 centimetres). 
Such a denier is «= ,511 grams, and is still sized up to date in many 
conditioning works, principally in the London conditioning works. 

COTTON YARN. 

Cotton yarns have same as spun silk as standard per hank 840 yards per 
lb. 

If therefore 60 hanks or 60x840 yards = 50,400 yards are necessary to 
make 1 lb., we call such a size a No. 60, if only 20 hanks of 840 yards or 
20x840 = 16800 yards are necessary, we have a No. 20. 

The classification of cotton yarns in 2 ply varies in comparison to those 
of Spun Silk. In Spun Silk 2 threads of '100 are twisted together for 
TW Pty» f° r Cotton Yarn 2 threads No. 50 are twisted together for ^ a °- ply. 

In No. 40 Cotton Yarn single we have 33,600 yards per lb., whereas 
in - 4 £ we only have half the length = 16800 yards. No. 100 single has 
84,000 yards peril)., in double — i|A only 42000 yards. 

FIGURING OF WEIGHTS. 

To find the weight in ounces of a known number of yards in a known 
size the following rules are worthy of notice: 

Multiply a given number of yards with 16 and divide the result with the 
number of yards of the known necessary No. to balance 1 lb. 
Example: What is the weight of 21000 yards of -\°- Cotton Yarn ? 

21000x16 = 336000; 1 lb. No. 50 = 42,000, 336000 : 

42000 = 8 
Result: 21000 yards of No. 50 weigh 8 oz. 
Example: What is the weight of 21000 yards oi A£ Cotton Yarn V 

21000x16 = 336000: 1 lb. No. so = 21000, 336000 : 

21000 == 16. 
Result: 21000 yards of No. *g weigh 16 oz. 
Following is another rule: 

Divide the given number of yards by the number of yards of the known 
necessary size to 1 oz. (that is per lb; 16). 
Example: What is the weight of 21000 yards of No. ^\ n Cotton Yarn ? 

42000 : 16 = 2625 yards. No. a," ply = 1 oz. 

21000 : 2625 = 8. 
Result: 21000 yards No. ^ weigh 8 oz. 
Example: What is the weight of 420000 yards of No. ^|a Cotton Yarn? 

84000 : 16 = 5250 yards. No. ~p = 1 oz. 

420000 : 5250 = 80. 
Result: 420000 yards of No. -|°- weigh 80 oz. or 5 lbs. 

Another rule to find the weight in lbs. of Cotton Yarn of a given number 
of yards of a known size is : 

Divide the given yards by the number of yards of a known size neces- 
sary for 1 lb. 



—20— 

Example: What is the weight oi 2,520,000 yards of $o. -?$ Cotton Yarn ? 
No. ^ = 25200 yards per 1 lb. 
2,520,000 : 25200 — 100. 

Result: 2,520,000 yards of No. - 3 ^ weigh 100 lbs. 

Example: What is the weight of 2, 520, 000 yards of No. -\°- Cotton Yarn? 
No. -%?- = 12600 yards per 1 lb. 
2,520,000 : 12600 = 200. 

Result : 2520000 yards of No. %°- weigh 200 lbs. 

Note. — Twisted Yarns can consist of 2, 3 or more, single threads. The 
more twist and the coarser the yarn the more shrinkage will occur, by 
one thread being twisted around the other in throwing. Ifwe have, 
for instance, for fancy yarns a yarn No. 200 twisted together with a 
No. 10 we obtain a loss, that is a shorter amount of yards than if we 
twist 2 threads No. 200 together or we have in this case in this fine 
yarn in proportion more shrinkage than in the coarse yarn. Exact 
rules for shrinkage in 2 and 3 ply yarn cannot be fixed in so simple a 
manner as they vary greatly and such a table would require an indefinite 
number of rules according to sizes, quality of raw materials, tensions, 
and turns of twist per inch; such rules would therefore be of little 
use to the manufacturer and in this case we mostly take our ex- 
perience into consideration. 

WOOLLEN YARNS. 

a) "RUN" SYSTEM. 

Woollen yarns are classified by "runs", which have as standard 1600 
yards. This basis is generally known in this way, (except in a few mills in 
Philadelphia.) 

1 "run" yarn of 1600 yards is 1 lb., 5 "run" yarns of 8000 yards 1 lb., 
10 "run" yarns = 16000 yards are 1 lb., etc. 

In the "run" system, not only same as in Cotton or Spun Silk, whole 
numbers are counted, but also %, \ and even \, that is: 

200 yards = \ run. 

400 yards = \ " etc., etc. 



Figuring of a given number of yards in Woollen Yarn of a 
known size in the " run " system. 

The basis of the "run" facilitates the calculation of Woollen Yarns 
considerably, as the standard numbers are equivalent with 100 times the 
number of ounces a lb. contains, so that by multiplying the size of the yarn 
in "run" counts witli 100, and dividing the product into the number of given 
yards, the result is equivalent to the weight to be found. 
Example: What is the weight of 10800 yards of 6 "run" yarn? 

6x100 = 600. 10800 : 600 = 18. 
Result: 10800 yards 6 "run" yarn weigh 18 oz. 
Example: What is the weight of 45000 yards in 15 "run" woollen yarn? 

45000:1500 = 30. 
Result: 45000 yards of 15 "run" yarn weigh 30 oz. 
b) "CUT" SYSTEM. 

In woollen yarns there is another division called the "cut" system. 



—21— 

The basis is 300 yards, that is 300 yards equal 1 lb., or 1 "cut" yarn: 3000 
yards = 10 cut yarns, 30000 yards = 100 cut yarns. 

The rule, to find the weight in ounces is similar to that of Cotton yarn. 
Multiply the given yards by 16, divide the result by the original quantity 
of yards for the given size of cotton yarn, which contains 1 lb. 
Example: What is the weight of 21000 yards of 70 "cut" woolen yarn? 
21000x16=336000. 
1 lb. of 70 cut = 21000 yards 
336000 : 21000 = 16. 
Result: 21000 yards of 70 cut woollen yarn weighs 16 oz. 

2 ply Woollen Yarns are frequently manufactured and they contain half 
the number of yards as the respective sizes in single ply. 

Therefore, a 2 ply 40 "run" woollen yarn is equal to a single 20 "run", 
each yarn contains 32000 yards or a lb. 

A double twist 15 "run" woollen yarn is equal to a 7-J- "run" single, and 
both contain 12000 yards per lb. 

WORSTED YARNS. 
The standard of worsted yarns is 560 yards to the hank. The number of 
hanks to balance one pound is the number or count of the yarn. If 80 
hanks of 560 yards Aveigh 1 lb. such a yarn is called a No. 80. If 60 hanks 
are required to balance one pound, it is known as a No. 60 worsted. 

Worsted yarn is used very often in 2 ply. In such a case, only one- 
half the number of yards is needed to balance the pound of 2-ply yarn. No. 
5 T °- requires 28000 yards per lb. and No. 100 2-ply also requires 28,000 
yards per pound. 

No. - 7 ¥ °- worsted has 39200 yards per pound and corresponds to single 
No. 35. 

Rules for finding weights of worsted yarns in ounces. 
Example in single yarn : What is the weight of 25200 yards of No. 80 ? 

25200x 16 = 403200. One pound of No. 80 — 44800 yards, e. i. 
403,200 : 44800 = 9. 
Result : 25200 yards of No. 80 weigh 9 ozs. 
Example in 2-ply yarn : What is the weight of 25200 yards of No. - 8 ^ ? 

25200x16 = 403200. One pound of -%°- = 22400 yards. Hence 
403200 : 22400 = 18 oz. 
Result : 25200 yards of No. ^ weigh 18 ozs. 

Example for 3-ply yarn. What is the weight of 25200 yards in No. -^ worsted ? 
25200x16 = 403200. One pound of - H f -= 14933£ yards, thus 
403200 : 14933£ = 27. 
Result : 25200 yards of No. ^ weigh 27 ozs., or 1 lb. 11 oz. 

Rule for finding weights of worsted yarns in pounds. 
Example in single yarn : What is the weight of 2520000 yards of No. 80 ? 
One pound of 4» = 44800 yards. Thus, 2520000 : 44800 = 56£. 
Result : 2520000 yards of No. -*/ = ^i pounds. 

Example in 2-ply yarn. What is the weight of 2520000 yards of No. %°- ? 
One pound of 4£ = 22400 yards. Hence, 2520000 : 22400 — 
112|. 
Result : 2520000 yards - 8 # worsted weigh 112^ pounds. 



—23— 

Calculation of TAFFETAS &LAGE. 

Warp 600 Yards. Cloth 570 Yds. Reed ^. Picks 80. Width 20 In. 



4300 Ends, If dram. 
Organzine, Ital. Extra 
Tram, Japan Extra, \£ 3 th. 
2 Filling-5 drams 
Dyeing, pure dye 

Winding dyed weight 

Doubling 

Quilling 

Warping, 4500 unpicked 

Beaming and Picking 

Twisting 

Weaving 570 Yds. 

Picking 570 Yds. 

Finishing 570 Yds. 

Harness and Reed shafts 

Designing, Etc. 

General Expenses, 12 % 

1 Yard costs net 



II 



31 
16 
16 



LBS. OZ. AT § 

18 4 5 00 91 

20 4 20 82 

38 4 30 i 11 



570 Yds. costS 
% 



Discount, Com. and Interest, 15 % 

Addition 5 %, 95 per 100 
Sale Price, per yard 



85 per 100 



12 
5 

12 
70 



3 

1 
3 
3 
1 
39 



29 



286 



50 



59 

3 



62 



c. 
25 



49 

72 
80 
92 
15 
15 
15 
90 
12 
55 



91 



11 



24- 



CalCUlatiOfl Of SURAH FIGURED. Changeable. 
Warp 600 Yds. Cloth 570 Yds. Reed h ¥ °. Pi cks 84. Width 20 In. 



2460 Double Ends, If dram 


LBS. OZ. 




AT 


8 


Organzinc, Jap. Extra 


21 


4 


GO 


90 


Tram, Jap. No. 1, 4^ dram 


18 


4 


10 




Dyeing, pure dye 


39 




80 


11 


Winding, dyed weight 


82 




12 


3 


Quilling 


18 




12 


2 



Warping, 4820 ends un- 
picked 

Beaming and Picking 

Twisting 

Weaving 570 yards 

Picking 570 yards 

Finishing 570 yards 

Harness and Reed for Jac- 
quard 

Designing, Etc., 300 cards 

General Expenses 15 % 



570 Yards costs 8 



1 Yard costs net 



Discount, Corn, and Interest, 15 %, 

85 per 100 



Addition, 5 %, 95 per 100 
Sale Price per yard 



70 




8 

6 

12 

327 



d. 

00 

80 



84 

10 

44 
44 



70 
55 



M 
28 



—25— 

Calculation of DUCHESSE BLACK. 

Warp 400 Yds. Cloth 380 Yds. Reed if. Picks 92. Width, 24 In. 



10000 Ends 25 den. or 1| Arm 


LBS. ': oz 






AT 


$ 


c. 


Organzine Ital. Extra 


25 




5 




125 




Tram Jap. Extra ^f 3 thr'ds 














2 Filling-5£ drams 


20 




4 


20 


84 




Dyeing Org, §§ oz. 


25 






90 


22 


50 


Dyeing, Tram Souple 32 oz. 


20 




1 


20 


24 




Winding Black Org. 


32 






12 


3 


84 


Winding Black Souple 


40 






8 


3 


20 


Quilling and Doubling 


40 








5 


20 


Warping, 10,300 ends un- 
picked 








50 


5 


15 


Beaming and Picking 










5 


15 


Twisting 










2 


60 


Weaving, 380 yards 








16 


60 


80 


Picking, 380 yards 








H 


5 


70 


Finishing 380 yards 








2 


7 


60 


Harness and Reed, 8 Shafts 


6 








3 


20 


Designing, etc 














General expenses, 12 % 


380 Yds. cost 


8 






42 


93 




400 


87 


1 Yard costs net 


1 


05 






Discount, Com, and Interest 


15%, 

85 per 100 




18 








1 


23 






Additions 5 % 




$ 




7 






Sale Price, per yard 


1 


30 





—26— 

Calculation of RHADAEO. mm 

Warp 600 Yds. Cloth 580 Yds. Reed *£. Picks 92. Width 22 In. 



8500 Ends §£ den. or If drm 


LP.S. 


oz. 




AT 


I 


Q. 


Organzine Ital. Extra 

Tram Jap. Extra, {£, 8 
threads 


36 




5 




180 




2 Filling— 5^: drams 


24 




4 


20 


i 100 


80 


Dyeing Org. pure dje. 


36 






30 


10 


80 


Train Souple §§ oz. 


24 






50 


12 




Winding- 


66 






12 


7 


92 


Doubling 


30 






1 


1 


80 


Quilling 


30 






12 1 





60 


Warping 8,500 Ends 








70 


! 5 


95 


Beaming and Picking 








| 


5 


95 


Twisting 










4 


12 


Weaving 580 yards 








16 


92 


80 


Picking 580 yards 








H 


8 


70 


Finishing 580 yards 











11 


60 


Harness and Reed 12 Shafts 


i 








3 




Designing, Etc. 














General Expenses 12 % 










53 


88 


5 


B0 Yds. 


cost % 






502 


92 


1 Yard costs net 




86 






Discount', Com. and Interest, 


15 °/ 

85 


per 100 




16 








1 


02 




Addition 5 %, 95 per 100 


_ 


• % 




6 






Sale Price per yard 


1 


08 





Calculation Of SATIN MERVEILLEUX. *$<* Dyed. 

Warp 600 Yds. Cloth 582 Yds. Reed V- Picks 84. Width 21 In. 



7000 Ends i*8S- QZ. 



Raw Silk Ital. Extra f| 2< 

Spun Silk No. *£ or 9 i 

drams, on cops 45 



Dyeing, in the piece 
Sky Blue 582 yards 
Winding- 
Quilling 

Warping 7600 ends picked 
Beaming 

Twisting 7600 ends 
Weaving 582 yards 
Picking 

Finishing 582 yards 
Harness and Reed A 
Designing, Etc. 
General Expenses 12 % 



3 80 



582 Yards cost S 



104 



1 Yard costs net 



Discount, Com. and Interest, 15 % 

Addition 5 %, 95 per 100 
Sale Price per yard 



85 per 100 



c. 
50 



2 


50 


114 


38 




4 


23 


28 


10 


2 


75 


80 


6 


08 
90 


8 


46 


56 




5 


82 




2 


11 


64 






2 


50 






38 


09 




358 


40 


62 






11 






73 




4 








77 





—28— 

Calculation Of ARMURE BLACK. 

Warp 600 Yds. Cloth 580 Yds. Reed *£ Picks 88. Width, 20 In. 



6090 Ends, 4§ deniers or 

lfd. LBS. 


OZ. 




§ 


c. 


Organ zinc Jtal. Extra 20 




5 


00 


130 


00 


Tram Jap. best No. 1 3£ 

dram 15 


8 


4 


10 


63 


55 


Dyeing, Org. %% oz. 26 






90 


23 


40 


Dyeing Souple ^ oz. 15 


8 


1 


65 


25 


57 


Winding of Org. 33 






12 


3 


96 


Winding of Souple 39 






8 


3 


12 


Quilling 








2 


40 


Warping, unpicked 0090 
ends 






70 


4 


26 


Beaming and Picking 








4 


26 


Twisting 








1 


55 


Weaving 580 Yards 






10 


58 




Picking 580 Yards 






H 


8 


70 


Finishing 580 Yards 







11 


60 


Harness and Reed, \ 




2 


30 


Designing, Etc. 








50 


General Expenses, 1*2 % 






40 


44 


580 Yds. 


cost $ 




383 


11 


1 Yard costs net - 


- 




66 






Discount, Com. and Interest, 15 % 


per 100 




11 






85 




^^™"~ 










77 






Addition 5 %, 95 per 100 
Sale Price, per yard 




mmmmm 


4 






- $ 




81 







-29- 



CalCtllatM Of PONGEE FIGURED. Piece Dyed. 
Warp iooo Yds. Cloth 940 Yds. Reed - B T S -. Picks 84. Width 22 In. 



2750 Double Ends, |f den. 
or H dram 


i LBS. OZ. 


AT 


$ 


c. 


Raw Silk, Ttal. Classical 


30 


3 


75 


112 


50 


Tram, {£, 3 threads 












Japan No. 1, 2f drams 


20 


4 


1 10 


i 

82 




Dyeing, in the piece 












940 yards 






4 


; 37 


40 


Winding 


50 


10 


5 




Quilling 


20 




10 


2 




Warping 4900 ends un- 
picked 






4 


90 


Beaming and Picking 








4 


90 


Twisting 








i 


24 


Weaving 940 Yds. 






8 


75 


20 


Picking 940 Yds. 






1 


9 


40 


Finishing 940 Yds. 






H 


14 


10 


Harness and Reed for Jac- 
quard 


i 




9 




Designing, Etc., 300 Cards 




4 


12 




General Expenses, 12 % 


940 Yds. cost $ 




44 


10 




413 


74 


1 Yard costs net 


44 






Discount, Com. and Interest 


15 %, 

85 per 100 


! 7 


















51 






Addition 5 %, 95 per 100 


- $ 




3 






Sale Price, per yard 




54 





-30- 



Calculation of GLORIA, m Mixed wool. 

Warp iooo Yds. Cloth 950 Yds. Reed ff t Picks 140. Width 42 In. 



8000 Ends f£ deniers or 1£ 

drams lbs. 



Raw Silk class. Italian 



Winding 

Quilling. 

Warping 8000 ends un- 
picked 

Beaming and Picking 

Twisting 

Weaving 950 yards. 

Picking 950 yards. 

Finishing 950 yards. 

Harness and Reed { 

Designing, Ktc. 

General Expenses 12 % 



48 



Filling Worsted, No. 76 

single, best quality 150 



Dyeing in the piece 950 
yards 



48 



950 Yards costs $ 



1 Yard costs net, 

Discount, Com. ami Interest 15% 

Addition 10 % 90, per 100 

Sale price, per yard 



85 per 100 



80 



% 



182 40 



1 30 


| 195 




7 


66 


50 


10 


4 

8 
6 

o 


80 


12 


114 




1 


9 


50 


3 


28 
5 


50 




74 


60 




696 


30 


73 






13 






. 86 




9 






95 









—31 — 

Calculation ol ARMURE. »«& siik. 

Warp 600 Yds. Cloth 570 Yds. Reed ^. Picks 100. Width 21 In. 



2900 Ends ; 3 dram? 
Spun Silk No. ig* 
Raw Silk Canton Filature 
££ deniers or 3f dram? 



Dyeing, in the piece 570 
yards 

"Winding 



Quilling 

Warping 2900 Ends 

Beaming and Picking 

Twisting 

"Weaving 570 }-ards 

Picking 570 yards 

Finishing 570 yards 

Harness and Reed for Jac- 
quard 

Designing, Etc., 200 Cards 
Greneral Expenses, 12 % 



lbs. oz. 



22 



19 



41 



% 



30 



1 Yard costs net 



Discount, Com. and Interest. 15 *A 

Addition 5 %, 95 per 100 

Sale Price per yard 



57 



10 



4<t 



80 
16 



19 


10 | 


1 


90 




70 


2 


03 






2 


03 
75 




9 


51 


30 




1 


5 


70 




2 


11 


40 


i 




6 






4 


08 








30 


68 


570 Yds. cost $ 


! 274 


09 




48 | 






13 %, 


9 






85 per 100 


57 






3 i 






- - - % 


60 





—32— 

CalCUlatiOH Of BROCADES, Throe Colors. 
Warp 300 Yds. Cloth 280 Yds. Reed "/. Picks 132. Width 22 In. 



8100 Ends f| deniers or 
If drams 

Organzine, Ital. Extra 

Tram, ££, 6 threads 

Re-reels No. 1 

Dyeing, pure dye 

Winding, dyed weight 

Quilling 

Warping, 8100 ends un- 
picked 

Beaming and Picking 

Twisting 

Weaving 280 yards 

Picking 280 yards 

Finishing 280 yards 

Harness and Peed for Jac- 
quard 

Designing, Etc., 600 cards 

General Expenses, 15 % 

1 Yard costs net 



18 



19 



15 



80 
30 

12 

12 
70 



24 



580 Yds. cost 



Discount, Com. and Interest, 15 % 



85 per 100 



Addition 10 %, 90. per 100 
Sale Price per yard 







1 


25 




22 


1 


47 




16 


1 


63 



I 

% c. 
00 

72 20 

11 10 

3 : oo 



1 


SO 


5 


67 


5 


67 


2 


05 


67 


20 


5 


60 


5 


60 


12 




24 




46 


18 


352 


87 



—33— 

Calculation of ARMURE for TIE SILK, 

Warp 300 Yds. Cloth 285 Yds. Reed -«/. Picks 88. Width 24 In. 



5920 Ends If dram 


LBS. 


oz. 


AT 

1 


$ 


1 
c. 

i 


Organzine Jap. best No. 1 


12 


8 


4 


50 


56 


: 25 


Tram Jap. re-reels 4£ drams 
or jf 5 threads 


11 


8 


3 


90 


44 


85 


Dyeing, pure dye 


24 






30 


7 


20 


Winding 


19 






14 


2 


66 


Quilling 10 






14 


1 


40 


Warping 5,920 ends 








2 


95 


Beaming and Picking 








2 


95 


Twisting 










1 


50 


Weaving 285 yards 






10 


28 


50 


Picking 285 yards 






1 


2 


; 85 


Finishing 285 yards 







5 


70 


Harness and Reed for Jac- 
(juards 


T<T 




6 




Designing, Etc., 2 patterns 








16 




General expenses, 15 % 


cost $ 






26 


82 


285 yards 


205 


63 


1 yard costs net .'(.'---. 


- 


72 






Discount, Com. and Interest, 15 % 


per 100 


! 12 






85 








i 84 






Addition 10 %, 90 per 100 
Sale Price per yard 


$ 


9 






93 


1 



—34- 



Calculation Of SATIN COTTON BACK FIGURED TIE SILK. J Over, 

Warp 300 Yds. Cloth 282 Yds. Reed 5 „\ Picks 88. Width 24 In. 



8540 Ends, H drum, || d. 


LBS. OZ. 


AT 


i 


c. 


Organzine Mai. Extra 


16 


5 00 


80 


00 


Tram, Canton Fil 5i dram 


5 


3 30 

1 


16 


50 


Egypt. Cotton, ^ 


40 


1 

55 ; 


22 




Dyeing of Silk p. 


d. 


21 


30 


6 


30 


Dyeing of Cotton 




40 


15 


6 




Winding of Silk 




16 


14 


2 


24 


Winding of Col to 


1 


40 


6 


2 


40 


Quilling 


45 


6 ! 


2 


70 


Warping 8540 Ends un- 
picked 




50 


4 


27 


Beaming and Picking 






4 


27 


Twisting 






2 


15 


Weaving 282 yards 




20 


56 


40 


Picking 282 yards 




2 


5 


64 


Finishing 282 yards 




4 


11 


28 


Harness and Reed for Jac- 
quard . 


h 




t 




Designing, Etc., 2 patterns 
in 282 yards 






9 




General Expenses 15 % 


282 Yds. cost 




43 


09 




281 


24 


1 Yard costs net 


99 






Discount, Com. and Interest 1 


5% 

85 per 100 


18 
















1 17 






Addition 10 %, 90 per 100 


- - ' $ 


13 






Sale Price per yard 


1 80 





—35— 

Calcnlation of 

Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks 



Width Inch. 



Organzine 

Tram 

Dyeing 
Winding 

Quilling 

Warping 

Beaming 

Twisting 

Weaving 

Picking 

Finishing 

Harness and Reed 

Designing, etc. 

General Expenses 



: Yard costs net 

Discount, Com. and Interest 

Addition 

>ale Price, per yard 



Yards cost $ 



—36- 



Calculation of 

Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks Width In. 



Organzine 




i 


I 






Tram 












Dyeing 












Winding 












Quilling 












Warping 












Beaming 












Twisting 












Weaving 












Picking 






■ 




Finishing 












Harness and Reed 




i 
I 


i 




Designing, etc. 




1 


; 


General Expenses 




i 


; 

! 


Yards cc 


st $ 






i Yard costs net - - - 






Discount, Com. and Interest 








Addition 


$ 


; 


| 


Sale Price, per yard - 


i 




|l 



—37— 

Calculation of 

Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks Width Inch. 



Organzine 
Tram 

Dyeing 

Winding 

Quilling 

Warping 

Beaming 

Twisting 

Weaving 

Picking 

Finishing 

Harness and Reed 

Designing, etc. 

General Expenses 



t Yard costs net 

Discount, Com. and Interest 



Yards cost $ 



Addition 

>ale Price, per yard 



—38- 



Calculation of 

Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks. 



Width In. 



Organzine 
Tram 

Dyeing 
Winding 

Quilling 

Warping 

Beaming 

Twisting 

Weaving 

Picking 

Finishing 

Harness and Reed 

Designing, etc. 

General Expenses 



i Yard costs net 

Discount, Com. and Interest 

Addition 

Sale Price, per yard 




Calculation of 

Warp Yds. Cloth 



Yds. Reed Picks Width 



In. 



Organzine 
Tram 

Dyeing 

Winding 

Quilling 

Warping 

Beaming 

Twisting 

Weaving 

Picking 

Finishing 

Harness and Reed 

Designing, etc. 

General Expenses, 

i Yard costs net 

Discount, Com. and Interest 

Addition, 

Sale Price, per yard 



Yards cost $ 



J 



-40 — 



Calculation of 

Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks Width In. 



Organzine 
Tram 

Dyeing 

Winding 

Quilling 

Warping 

Beaming 

Twisting 

Weaving 

Picking 

Finishing 

Harness and Reed 

Designing, etc. 

General Expenses 



i Yard costs net 

Discount, Com. and Interest 

Addition 

Sale Price, per yard 



Yards cost $ 
- - $ 






-41- 



Calculation of 

Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks Width In. 



Organzine 
Tram 

Dyeing 

Winding 

Quilling 

Warping 

Beaming 

Twisting 

Weaving 

Picking 

Finishing 

Harness and Reed 

Designing, etc. 

General Expenses, 

i Yard costs net 

Discount, Com. and Interest 

Addition, 

Sale Price, per yard 



Yards cost $ 



Calculation of 

Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks Width In. 



Organzine 
Tram 

Dyeing 

Winding 

Quilling 

Warping 

Beaming 

Twisting 

Weaving 

Picking 

Finishing 

Harness and Reed 

Designing, etc. 

General Expenses 



i Yard costs net 

Discount, Com. and Interest 

Addition 

Sale Price, per yard 



Yards cost $ 
- - $ 



■48- 



Calculation of 

Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks Width In. 



Organzine 












Tram 












Dyeing 












Winding 












Quilling 










Warping 












Beaming 












Twisting 












Weaving 












Picking 












Finishing 












Harness and Reed 












Designing, etc. 










General Expenses 


Yards cost $ 
- - - - $ 








i 


[ Yard costs net 








Discount, Com. and Interest 










Addition 


- 








>ale Price, per yard - 


-..-..-■« 











— Pre- 
calculation of 

Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks. 



Width In. 



Organize 
Tram 

Dyeing 

Winding 

Quilling 

Warping 

Beaming 

Twisting 

Weaving 

Picking 

Finishing 

Harness and Reed 

Designing, etc. 

General Expenses 

i Yard costs net 
Discount, Com. and Interest 

Addition 

Sale Price, per yard 



Yards cost $ 



■45- 



Calcnlation of 

Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks Width. 



In. 



Organzine 












Tram 












Dyeing 












Winding 












Quilling 












Warping 












Beaming 












Twisting 












Weaving 












D icking 






I 




finishing 










harness and Reed 






1 


! 1 


designing, etc. 










General Expenses 

■ 


Yards cost $ 
- - - " $ 










! 


Yard costs net 








Hscount, Com. and Interest 




_ 









iddition 


- " - $ 










ale Price, per yard - 


| 





—46— 

Calculation of 

Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks. 



Width li 



Organize 
Tram 

Dyeing 

Winding 

Quilling 

Warping 

Beaming 

Twisting 

Weaving 

Picking 

Finishing 

Harness and Reed 

Designing, etc. 

General Expenses 

i Yard costs net 
Discount, Com. and Interest 

Addition 

Sale Price, per yard 



Yards cost $ 




—47— 

Calculation of 

Afarp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks. 



Width In. 



)rganzine 
rram 

Dyeing- 

binding 

)uilling 

Varping 

Jeaming 

Twisting 

Veaving 

'icking 

finishing 

larness and Reed 

)esigning, etc. 

reneral Expenses, 

Yard costs net 
discount, Com. and Interest 

addition, 

•ale Price, per yard 






Yards cost $ 






— 4S- 



Galculation of 

Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks Width In 



Organzine 
Tram 

Dyeing 

Winding 

Quilling 

Warping 

Beaming 

Twisting 

Weaving 

Picking 

Finishing 

Harness and Reed 

Designing, etc. 

General Expenses 



i Yard costs net 

Discount, Com. and Interest 

Addition 

Sale Price, per yard 



Yards cost $ 






— Pre- 
calculation of 

Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks . 



Width In. 



Organzine 












Tram 












Dyeing 












Winding 












Quilling 












Warping 












Beaming 












Twisting 












Weaving- 












Picking 










Finishing 










Harness and Reed 








Designing, etc. 










General Expenses, 










"""^ 


Yards c 


DSt $ 


«=«* _~ 


— 




i Yard costs net - 


- $ 










Discount, Com. and Interest 












Addition, 




— - 


__ 






Sale Price, per yard - 


- ? 


_i 


_ 







-50— 



Calculation of 

Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks. 



Organzine 
Tram 

Dyeing 

Winding 

Quilling 

Warping 

Beaming 

Twisting 

Weaving 

Picking 

Finishing 

Harness and Reed 

Designing, etc. 

General Expenses 



Width In. 



i Yard costs net 

Discount, Com. and Interest 

Addition 

Sale Price, per yard 



Yards cost $ 
- - $ 



—51— 

Calculation of 

Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks Width In. 



Organzine 
Tram 

Dyeing 

Winding 

Quilling 

Warping 

Beaming 

Twisting 

Weaving 

Picking 

Finishing 

Harness and Reed 

Designing, etc. 

General Expenses 

i Yard costs net 

Discount, Com. and Interest 

Addition 

Sale Price, per yard 



Yards cost $ 
- - ? 






-52 



Calculation of 

Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks, 



Width In. 



Organize 
Tram 

Dyeing 

Winding 

Quilling 

Warping 

Beaming 

Twisting 

Weaving 

Picking 

Finishing 

Harness and Reed 

Designing, etc. 

General Expenses 

i Yard costs net 
Discount, Com. and Interest 

Addition 

Sale Price, per yard 



Yards cost $ 



—53— 

Calculation of 

Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks Width In 



Organzine 








1 




Tram 












Dyeing 












Winding 












Quilling 










Warping 










Beaming 










Twisting 












Weaving 








Picking 










Finishing 








Harness and Reed 


! 


Designing, etc. 










General Expenses 


Yards cost $ 
- - - - $ 












i Yard costs net 




i 


Discount, Com. and Interest 








Addition 








Sale Price, per yard ... 


" " - $ 







M 



Calculation of 

Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks Width In. 



Organize 
Tram 

Dyeing 

Winding 

Quilling 

Warping 

Beaming 

Twisting 

Weaving 

Picking 

Finishing 

Harness and Reed 

Designing, etc. 

General Expenses 

i Yard costs net 
Discount, Com. and Interest 



Yards cost $ 



Addition 

Sale Price, per yard 



-0 0- 



Calculation of 

Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks. 



Width In. 



Organzine 
Tram 

Dyeing 

Winding 

Quilling 

Warping 

Beaming 

Twisting 

Weaving 

Picking 

Finishing 

Harness and Reed 

Designing, etc. 

General Expenses, 

i Yard costs net 

Discount, Com. and Interest 

Addition, 

Sale Price, per yard 



Yards cost $ 
- - ? 



■5 b- 



Caiculatioii 

Warp. . . 



Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks Width In. 



Organzine 
Tram 

Dyeing 

Winding 

Quilling 

Warping 

Beaming 

Twisting 

Weaving 

Picking 

Finishing 

Harness and Reed 

Designing, etc. 

General Expenses 

i Yard costs net 

Discount, Com. and Interest 

Addition 

Sale Price, per yard 



Yards cost $ 

- - $ 



Calculation of 

Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks Width In. 



Organzine 
Tram 

Dyeing 

Winding 

Quilling 
Warping 
Beaming 
Twisting- 
Weaving 
Picking- 
Finishing 
Harness and Reed 
Designing, etc. 
General Expenses, 



i Yard costs net 

Discount, Com. and Interest 

Addition, 

Bale Price, per yard 



Yards cost $ 



— 5S— 

Calculation of 

Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks Width In. 



Organzine 
Tram 

Dyeing 
Winding 



Quilling 








Warping 








Beaming 








Twisting 








Weaving 








Picking 








Finishing 








Harness and Reed 








Designing, etc. 








General Expenses 




i 


| 




Yards cost $ 






i Yard costs net - 




Discount, Com. and Interest 




— 






- $ 






Sale Price, per yard - 








_ — 





Calculation of 

Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks Width In. 



Organzine 












Tram 












Dyeing 












Winding 












Quilling 










Warping 








Beaming 










Twisting 








Weaving 










Picking 










Finishing 










Harness and Reed 








! 


Designing, etc. 








General Expenses 


Yards cost $ 

- - - - $ 













i Yard costs net 








Discount, Com. and Interest 







i 




Addition 


- - - $ 






Sale Price, per yard - 







—60 



Calculation of 

Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks, 



Width In. 



Organize 
Tram 

Dyeing 

Winding 

Quilling 

Warping 

Beaming 

Twisting 

Weaving 

Picking 

Finishing 

Harness and Reed 

Designing, etc. 

General Expenses 

i Yard costs net 
Discount, Com. and Interest 

Addition 

Sale Price, per yard 



Yards cost $ 



—61 



Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks Width In. 



Organzine 
Tram 

Dyeing 

Winding 

Quilling 

Warping 

Beaming 

Twisting 

Weaving 

Picking 

Finishing 

Harness and Reed 

Designing, etc. 

General Expenses 

i Yard costs net 

Discount, Com. and Interest 

Addition 

Sale Price, per yard 



Yards cost $ 



i 



■62 — 



Calculation of 

Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks 



Width In. 



Organize 
Tram 

Dyeing 

Winding 

Quilling 

Warping 

Beaming 

Twisting 

Weaving 

Picking 

Finishing 

Harness and Reed 

Designing, etc. 

General Expenses 

i Yard costs net 
Discount, Com. and Interest 



Yards cost $ 



Addition 

Sale Price, per yard 



re- 



calculation of 

War P Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks Width In. 



Organzine 
Tram 

Dyeing 

Winding 

Quilling 

Warping 

Beaming 

Twisting 

Weaving 

Picking 

Finishing 

Harness and Reed 

Designing, etc. 

General Expenses, 

t Yard costs net 

Discount, Com. and Interest 

Addition, 

Sale Price, per yard 




-64- 



oi 



Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks Width In 



Organzine 
Tram 

Dyeing 
Winding 



Quilling 

Warping 

Beaming 

Twisting 

Weaving 

Picking 

Finishing 

Harness and Reed 

Designing, etc. 

General Expenses 



i Yard costs net 

Discount, Com. and Interest 



Yards cost $ 
- - $ 



Addition 

Sale Price, per yard 



-65- 



Calculatiou of 

Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks. 



Width In. 



Organzine 
Tram 

Dyeing 

Winding 

Quilling 

Warping 

Beaming 

Twisting 

Weaving 

Picking 

Finishing 

Harness and Reed 

Designing, etc. 

General Expenses, 

I Yard costs net 

Discount, Com. and Interest 

Addition, 

Sale Price, per yard 



Yards cost $ 



£&- 



Calculation of 

Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks Width In. 



Organzine 
Tram 

Dyeing 

Winding 

Quilling 

Warping 

Beaming 

Twisting 

Weaving 

Picking 

Finishing 

Harness and Reed 

Designing, etc. 

General Expenses 

i Yard costs net 

Discount, Com. and Interest 

Addition 

Sale Price, per yard 



Yards cost $ 
- - $ 



4>7— 



01 



Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks.., Width In. 



Organzine 










Tram 








Dyeing 






Winding 






Quilling 






Warping 






Beaming 






Twisting 






Weaving 






Picking 






Finishing 






Harness and Reed 






Designing, etc. 






General Expenses 


Yards cost $ 








i Yard costs net 


. . . . $ 




Discount, Com. and Interest 







Addition 






Sale Price, per yard ... 


- - - $ 







—08 — 

Calculation of 

Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks. 



Width 



Organize 
Tram 

Dyeing 

Winding 



Quilling 

Warping 

Beaming 

Twisting 

Weaving 

Picking 

Finishing 

Harness and Reed 

Designing, etc. 

General Expenses 

i Yard costs net 
Discount, Com. and Interest 



Yards cost $ 



Addition 

Sale Price, per yard 



Calculalion of 

Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks. 



Width In. 



Quilling 

Warping 

Beaming 

Twisting 

Weaving 

Picking 

Finishing 

Harness and Reed 

Designing, etc. 

General Expenses 

i Yard costs net 

Discount, Com. and Interest 

Addition 

Sale Price, per yard 



Yards cost $ 



—70 — 

Calculation of 

Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks Width In. 



Organize 
Tram 

Dyeing 

Winding 



Quilling 

Warping 

Beaming 

Twisting 

Weaving 

Picking 

Finishing 

Harness and Reed 

Designing, etc. 

General Expenses 

i Yard costs net 
Discount, Com. and Interest 



Yards cost $ 



Addition 

Sale Price, per yard 



71 



Calculation of 

Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks Width In. 



Organzine 
Tram 

Dyeing 

Winding 

Quilling 

Warping 

Beaming 

Twisting 

Weaving 

Picking 

Finishing 

Harness and Reed 

Designing, etc. 

General Expenses, 

: 

t Yard costs net 

Discount, Com. and Interest 

Addition, 

Sale Price, per yard 



Yards cost $ 



re- 



calculation of 

Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks. 



Width In. 



Organzine 
Tram 

Dyeing 

Winding 

Quilling 

Warping 

Beaming 

Twisting 

Weaving 

Picking 

Finishing 

Harness and Reed 

Designing, etc. 

General Expenses 



i Yard costs net 

Discount, Com. and Interest 

Addition 

Sale Price, per yard 



Yards cost $ 



^re- 



calculation of 

Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks. .. Width In. 



Organzine 
Tram 



Dyeing 

Winding 

Quilling 

Warping 

Beaming 

Twisting 

Weaving 

Picking 

Finishing 

Harness and Reed 

Designing, etc. 

General Expenses, 

i Yard costs net 

Discount, Com. and Interest 

Addition, 

Sale Price, per yard 



Yards cost $ 
- - ? 




u. 



Calculation of 

Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks Width In. 



i Yard costs net 

Discount, Com. and Interest 

Addition 

Sale Price, per yard 



Organzine 






Tram 






Dyeing 






Winding 






Quilling 






Warping 






Beaming 






Twisting 






Weaving 






Picking 






Finishing 




Harness and Reed 






Designing, etc. 


; 


General Expenses 


i 

i 


! 



r ar< 


is cost $ 

- $ 




..... ,.,,. 


- 


: 


1 

i 

i 






- 





< 0- 



Calculation of 

Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks Width In. 



Organzine 
Tram 

Dyeing 

Winding 

Quilling 

Warping 

Beaming 

Twisting 

Weaving 

Picking 

Finishing 

Harness and Reed 

Designing, etc. 

General Expenses 

i Yard costs net 

Discount, Com. and Interest 

Addition 

Sale Price, per yard 



Yards cost $ 



-76 



Calculation of 

Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks Width In. 



Organize 
Tram 

Dyeing 

Winding 

Quilling 

Warping 

Beaming 

Twisting 

Weaving 

Picking 

Finishing 

Harness and Reed 

Designing, etc. 

General Expenses 

i Yard costs net 
Discount, Com. and Interest 

Addition 

Sale Price, per yard 



Yards cost $ 



77 



Calculation of 

Warp Yds. Cloth 



Yds. Reed Picks Width. 



Organzine 
Tram 



Dyeing 
Winding 

Quilling 

Warping 

Beaming 

Twisting 

Weaving 

Picking 

Finishing 

Harness and Reed 

Designing, etc. 

General Expenses 

i Yard costs net 

Discount, Com. and Interest 

Addition 

Sale Price, per yard 



Yards cost $ 
- - $ 



In. 



—7.1 



Calculation of 

Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks. 



Width In. 



Organize 
Tram 

Dyeing 

Winding 

Quilling- 
Warping 
Beaming 
Twisting 
Weaving 
Picking 
Finishing 
Harness and Reed 
Designing, etc. 
General Expenses 

i Yard costs net 
Discount, Com. and Interest 

Addition 

Sale Price, per yard 



Yards cost $ 



Calculation of 

Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks Width In. 



Organzine 
Tram 

Dyeing 

Winding 

Quilling 

Warping 

Beaming 

Twisting 

Weaving 

Picking 

Finishing 

Harness and Reed 

Designing, etc. 

General Expenses, 

[ Yard costs net 

Discount, Com. and Interest 



Yards cost $ 



Addition, 

sale Price, per yard 



.»U- 



Galculation of 

Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed. 



Picks. 



Width In. 



Organzine 
Tram 



Dyeing 

Winding 

Quilling 

Warping 

Beaming 

Twisting 

Weaving 

Picking 

Finishing 

Harness and Reed 

Designing, etc. 

General Expenses 



i Yard costs net 

Discount, Com. and Interest 

Addition 

Sale Price, per yard 



Yards cost $ 



_ 



Calculation of 

Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks Width In. 



Organzine 

Tram 

Dyeing 

Winding 

Quilling 

Warping 

Beaming 

Twisting 

Weaving 

Picking 

Finishing 

Harness and Reed 

Designing, etc. 

General Expenses, 

i Yard costs net 

Discount, Com. and Interest 

Addition, 

Sale Price, per yard 



Yards cost $ 
- - $ 






. Pre- 



calculation of 

Warp Yds. Cloth. 



Yds. Reed, Picks Width In. 



O rganzine 
Tram 

Dyeing 

Winding 

Quilling 

Warping 

Beaming 

Twisting 

Weaving 

Picking 

Finishing 

Harness and Reed 

Designing, etc. 

General Expenses 



i Yard costs net 

Discount, Com. and Interest 

Addition 

Sale Price, per yard 



Yards cost $ 
_ - $ 






Calculation of 

Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks Width In. 



Organzine 
Tram 



Dyeing 



Winding 



Quilling 

Warping 

Beaming 

Twisting 

Weaving 

Picking 

Finishing 

Harness and Reed 

Designing, etc. 

General Expenses 



i Yard costs net 

Discount, Com. and Interest 



Yards cost $ 
- - * 



\ddition 

Sale Price, per yard 



— at— 
Calculation of 

Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed 



Picks Width In. 



Organize 
Tram 

Dyeing 

Winding 

Quilling 

Warping 

Beaming 

Twisting 

Weaving 

Picking 

Finishing 

Harness and Reed 

Designing, etc. 

General Expenses 

i Yard costs net 
Discount. Com. and Interest 



Yards cost $ 



Addition 

Sale Price, per yard 



Calculation of 

Warp Yds. Cloth. ...... ..Yds. Reed Picks Width In. 



Organzine 
Tram 

Dyeing 

Winding 

Quilling 

Warping 

Beaming 

Twisting 

Weaving 

Picking 

Finishing 

Harness and Reed 

Designing, etc. 

General Expenses 



i Yard costs net 

Discount, Com. and Interest 

Addition 

Sale Price, per yard 



Yards cost $ 






m — 



Calculation of 

Warp Yds. Cloth 



Yds. Reed Picks Width In. 



Organize 
Tram 

Dyeing 

Winding 

Quilling 

Warping 

Beaming 

Twisting 

Weaving 

Picking 

Finishing 

Harness and Reed 

Designing, etc. 

General Expenses 

i Yard costs net 
Discount, Com. and Interest 

Addition 

Sale Price, per yard 



Yards cost $ 



■*4 



Calculation of 

Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks Width In. 



Organzine 
Tram 

Dyeing 

Winding 

Quilling 

Warping 

Beaming 

Twisting 

Weaving 

Picking 

Finishing 

Harness and Reed 

Designing, etc. 

General Expenses, 

i Yard costs net 

Discount, Com. and Interest 

Addition, 



Yards cost $ 



Sale Price, per yard 



-—88— 

Calculation of 

Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks Width In. 



Weaving 
Picking 
Finishing 

Harness and Reed 
Designing, etc. 
General Expenses 

i Yard costs net 

Discount, Com. and Interest 

Addition 

Sale Price, per yard 



Organzine 








Tram 








Dyeing 






Winding 






Quilling 




Warping 






Beaming 








Twisting 









Yards cost $ 



re- 



calculation Ql 

Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks Width In. 



Organzine 












Tram 












Dyeing 












Winding 












Quilling 










Warping 










Beaming 










Twisting 










Weaving 










Picking 










Finishing 










Harness and Reed 






! 




Designing, etc. 




1 






General Expenses, 


Yards cost $ 

- - $ 








i Yard costs net - 










Discount, Com. and Interest 










Addition, 

Sale Price, per yard - 








- " ? 




"■"""' " 







-9u — 



Calculation of 

Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks Width In. ; 



Organzine 
Tram 

Dyeing 
Winding 



Quilling 








Warping 








Beaming 








Twisting 








Weaving 








Picking 








Finishing 








Harness and Reed 








Designing, etc. 




i 


i 


General Expenses 


Yards cost $ 
- - $ 











i Yard costs net - 




Discount, Corn, and Interest 

Addition 

Sale Price, per yard 




; 




- $ 







*i 



Calculation of 

Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks 



Width In. 



Organzine 
Tram 



Dyeing 
Winding 

Quilling 

Warping 

Beaming 

Twisting 

Weaving 

Picking 

Finishing 

Harness and Reed 

Designing, etc. 

General Expenses 

i Yard costs net 

Discount, Com. and Interest 






Addition 

Sale Price, per yard 



Yards cost $ 






—n — 
Calculation of 

Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks Width In. 



Organize 
Tram 

Dyeing 

Winding 

Quilling 

Warping 

Beaming 

Twisting 

Weaving 

Picking 

Finishing 

Harness and Reed 

Designing, etc. 

General Expenses 

i Yard costs net 
Discount, Com. and Interest 

Addition 

Sale Price, per yard 



Yards cost $ 



~9i 



Calculation of 

Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks Width In. 



Organzine 
Tram 

Dyeing 

Winding 

Quilling 

Warping 

Beaming 

Twisting 

Weaving 

Picking 

Finishing 

Harness and Reed 

Designing, etc. 

General Expenses 

i Yard costs net 

Discount, Com. and Interest 

Addition 

Sale Price, per yard 



Yards cost $ 



-»± 



Calculation of 

Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks. 



Width In. 



Organize 
Tram 

Dyeing 

Winding 

Quilling 

Warping 

Beaming 

Twisting 

Weaving 

Picking 

Finishing 

Harness and Reed 

Designing, etc. 

General Expenses 

i Yard costs net 
Discount, Com. and Interest 

Addition 

Sale Price, per yard 



Yards cost $ 



— &o— 



Calculation of 

War P Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks. 



Width In. 



Organzine 
Tram 

Dyeing 

Winding 

Quilling 

Warping 

Beaming 

Twisting 

Weaving 

Picking 

Finishing 

Harness and Reed 

Designing, etc. 

General Expenses, 

r Yard costs net 

Discount, Com. and Interest 

Addition, 

Sale Price, per yard 



Yards cost $ 



•9B- 



Calculation of... 

Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks Width In 



Organzine 
Tram 

Dyeing 

Winding 

Quilling 

Warping 

Beaming 

Twisting 

Weaving 

Picking 

Finishing 

Harness and Reed 

Designing, etc. 

General Expenses 

i Yard costs net 

Discount, Com. and Interest 

Addition 

Sale Price, per yard 



Yards cost $ 



— ^7— 

-Calculation of. 

Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks Width . 



In. 



Organzine 












Tram 












Dyeing 












Winding- 












Quilling 












Warping 












Beaming 












Twisting 












Weaving 




i 




Picking 










Finishing 








Harness and Reed 








Designing, etc. 








General Expenses, 








■< 


7ards cost $ 
- - ? 




______ : 






i Yard costs net - 










Discount, Com. and Interest 










A H H ifinn 












Sale Price, per yard - 


- " ? 











#3- 



Cdlculation of 

Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks. 



Width In 



Picking 
Finishing 

Harness and Reed 
Designing, etc. 
General Expenses 

i Yard costs net 

Discount, Com. and Interest 

Addition 

Sale Price, per yard 



Organzine 








Tram 










Dyeing 








Winding 








Quilling 








Warping 






Beaming 










Twisting 








Weaving 











Y 


ards cost $ 




1 

j 


| 

! 
i 


- - $ 










- $ 







Calculation of 

Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks Width In. 



Organzine 












Tram 












Dyeing 












Winding 












Quilling 












Warping 












Beaming 












Twisting 












Weaving 










Picking 










Finishing 










Harness and Reed 










Designing, etc. 










General Expenses 


Yards cost $ 














i Yard costs net 


- - - - $ 






Discount, Com. and Interest 









Addition 










Sale Price, per yard - 


- - " ? 







— 100 — 

Calculation of 

Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed 



Picks Width In. 



Organize 
Tram 

Dyeing 

Winding 

Quilling 

Warping 

Beaming 

Twisting 

Weaving 

Picking 

Finishing 

Harness and Reed 

Designing, etc. 

General Expenses 

i Yard costs net 
Discount, Com. and Interest 

Addition 

Sale Price, per yard 



Yards cost $ 



JU1 



Calculation of 

Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks Width In. 



Organzine 










Tram 










Dyeing 










Winding 








Quilling 








Warping 








Beaming 










Twisting 








Weaving 








Picking 








Finishing 








Harness and Reed 




i 




Designing, etc. 










General Expenses 












Yards cost $ 




i Yard costs net 


- - . - - » 








Discount, Com. and Interest 


_ 








Addition 




i 


Sale Price, per yard ... 


" " " 1 


i 





—1 0"2 — 

Calculation of 

Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks. 



Width In. 



Organize 
Tram 

Dyeing 

Winding 

Quilling 

Warping 

Beaming 

Twisting 

Weaving 

Picking 

Finishing 

Harness and Reed 

Designing, etc. 

General Expenses 

i Yard costs net 
Discount, Com. and Interest 



Yards cost $ 



Addition 

Sale Price, per yard 



-Mis- 



calculation of 

Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks Width In. 



Finishing 

Harness and Reed 
Designing, etc. 
General Expenses, 

i Yard costs net 

Discount, Com. and Interest 

{Addition, 
Sale Price, per yard 



Organzine 










Tram 










Dyeing 










Winding 










Quilling 










Warping 










Beaming 










Twisting 








! 


Weaving 








1 


Picking 











Yards cost $ 
- - ? 



— 1U4— 

Cdlculatiou of 

Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks Width In. 



Organzine 
Tram 

Dyeing 

Winding 

Quilling 

Warping 

Beaming 

Twisting 

Weaving 

Picking 

Finishing 

Harness and Reed 

Designing, etc. 

General Expenses 

i Yard costs net 

Discount, Com. and Interest 

Addition 

Sale Price, per yard 



Yards cost $ 


i 
1 

"I 


- $ 








- $ 





.105 



Calculation of 

Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks Width In. 



Organzine 
Tram 



Dyeing 

Winding 

Quilling 

Warping 

Beaming 

Twisting 

Weaving 

Picking 

Finishing 

Harness and Reed 

Designing, etc. 

General Expenses, 

i Yard costs net 

Discount, Com. and Interest 

Addition, 

Sale Price, per yard 



Yards cost $ 
- " ? 






— i m>- 



Calculatlon of 

Warp Yds. Cloth. 



Yds. Reed Picks Width In. 



Quilling 

Warping 

Beaming 

Twisting 

Weaving 

Picking 

Finishing 

Harness and Reed 

Designing, etc. 

General Expenses 



i Yard costs net 

Discount, Com. and Interest 

Addition 

Sale Price, per yard 



Organzine 










Tram 










Dyeing 
Winding 











Yards cost $ 
- - $ 



— .U>7— 



Calculation of 

Warp Yds. Cloth 

Organzine 
Tram 

Dyeing 



Yds. Reed Picks Width In. 



Winding 

Quilling 
Warping 
Beaming- 
Twisting 
Weaving 
Picking 
Finishing 
Harness and Reed 
Designing, etc. 
General Expenses 

i Yard costs net 

Discount, Com. and Interest 

Addition 

Sale Price, per yard 



Yards cost $ 
■ - $ 



■103 — 



Calculaliofl of 

War P Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks 



Organize 
Tram 

Dyeing 

Winding 

Quilling 

Warping 

Beaming 

Twisting 

Weaving 

Picking 

Finishing 

Harness and Reed 

Designing, etc. 

General Expenses 

i Yard costs net 
Discount, Com. and Interest 

Addition 

Sale Price, per yard 



Yards cost $ 



Width In. 



— 109 — 

tolculatioii of 

War P Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks Width U 



Organzine 
Tram 



Dyeing 






Winding 



Quilling 

Warping 

Beaming 

Twisting 

Weaving 

Picking 

Finishing 

Harness and Reed 

Designing, etc. 

General Expenses 

i Yard costs net 

Discount, Com. and Interest 



Yards cost $ 



Addition 

Sale Price, per yard 



Calculation of 

Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks. 



Organize 

Tram 

Dyeing 
Winding 

Quilling 

Warping 

Beaming 

Twisting 

Weaving 

Picking 

Finishing 

Harness and Reed 

Designing, etc. 

General Expenses 

i Yard costs net 
Discount, Com. and Interest 

Addition 

Sale Price, per yard 



Width In. 



Yards cost $ 



WARP WEIGHT TABLES. 











112 










Length: 


100 Yds. 




















Weight Table 












For the 


Use of Raw Silk, 


in a Warp of 100 Yards. 












I 


)ENIERS. 
















No. 


10 
12 


*! 


1 • 
1 


16 

18 


18 | 


22 1 


2 3 
24 


H 


28 

30 












DRAMS. - 










OF 










Ends. 


t 


1 


* 


1 


n 


H 


\2. 


H 


If 








PA 


UNDS. OUNCES AND DRAM 


s. 










r \J 






1000 


4 1 


41 4 


511 


68 


75 


82 


815 


912 


lie 


1200 


4 14 


511 


613 


713 


812 


912 


1012 


lli 1 


13 1 " 


1100 


5" 


64 


7 15 


92 


104 


II 6 


12« 


13i° 


15i5 


1600 


6« 


713 


92 


10« 


1111 


13— 


145 


15i° 


1.23 


1800 


7 5 


812 


104 


1111 


133 


1514 


1.01 


l.l 9 


1.48 


2000 


82 


912 


11« 


13— 


1410 


1.0 4 


1.114 


1.3 8 


I.612 


2200 


8 15 


10 12 


128 


145 


1.01 


1.114 


1.311 


1.57 


1.9 


2400 


912 


llii 


13i° 


15i° 


1.1 9 


1.38 


1.57 


1.7 6 


1.115 


2600 


10 9 


1212 


14i3 


1.014 


1.3 


1.52 


1.8i 


1.96 


1.13 9 


2800 


10 15 


132 


15 6 


1.18 


1.311 


1.514 


1.8i 


1.104 


1.141° 


3000 


123 


14i° 


l.li 


1.3 8 


1.51s 


1.8 fi 


1.1013 


1.134 


2 2 2 


3200 


13- 


I510 


1.2 3 


1.413 


1.7 6 


1.10 


1.12 1 " 


1.15 3 


2.46 


3100 


13^ 


1.0* 


1.3 5 


1.62 


1.814 


1.111° 


1.146 


2.P 


2.6H 


3600 


14 io 


l.l 9 


1.4 8 


1.7« 


1.105 


1.134 


2.0 3 


2.32 


2.815 


3800 


15 7 


1.28 


1.51° 


1.8H 


1.1112 


1.1414 


2.115 


2 5i 


2.114 


4000 


1.0" 


1.3 8 


I.612 


1.10 


1.134 


2.08 


2.312 


2.7 


2.138 


4200 


l.l 1 


1.48 


1.714 


1.118 


1.14H 


2.2 2 


2.5 9 


2.815 


2.1512 


4400 


1.1" 


1.57 


1.9 


1.12i<» 


2.0 3 


2.312 


2.75 


2.1014 


3.21 


4600 


1.2" 


1.67 


1 . 10* 


1.1314 


2.11° 


2.5 6 


2.9 2 


2.1214 


3.45 


4800 


1.3 8 


1.7 6 


1.11» 


1.153 


2.3 2 


2.7 


2.1011 


2.1413 


3.61° 


5000 


1.4 5 


1.8« 


1.12 7 


2.08 


2.4 9 


2.8i° 


2.1211 


3.01 2 


3.814 


5200 


1.5 2 


1.9« 


1.139 


2.113 


2.6 


2.104 


2.14 8 


3 211 


3.11 2 


5400 


1.5 15 


1.105 


1.14H 


2.3 2 


2.7 8 


2.1114 


3.04 


3.41" 


3.135 


5600 


I.612 


1.11« 


1.1514 


2.4 G 


2.815 


2.138 


3.21 


3.6*0 


3.15H 


5800 


1.79 


1.12" 


2.1 


2.5H 


2.107 


2.15 2 


3.33 


3.8 9 


4.2 


6000 


1.8 s 


1.13 4 


2.22 


2.7 


2.1114 


3.0i 2 


3.51° 


3.10 8 


4.44 


6200 


1.93 


1.144 


2.34 


2.85 


2.135 


3.2 G 


3.77 


3.127 


4.6 s 


6400 


1.10 


1.153 


2.46 


2.91° 


2.1413 


3.4 


3.93 


3.14 s 


4.813 


6600 


1.10 13 


2.03 


2.5 9 


2.1014 


3.04 


3.5i° 


3.11 


4.0 s 


4.111 


6800 


1.11" 


2.12 


2.6H 


2.12 3 


3 li 2 


3.74 


3.1212 


4.25 


4.13» ! 


7000 


1.127 


2.22 


2.713 


2.138 


3.33 


3.814 


3.14 9 


4.44 


4.15i" 


7200 


1.134 


2.3 2 


2.85 


2.1413 


3.41° 


3.108 


4.06 


4.63 


5.114 


7400 


1.14i 


2.4i 


2.101 


3.0 2 


3.6 2 


3.122 


4.2 2 


4.8 2 


5.43 


7600 


1.14i« 


2.5i 


2.1114 


3.16 


3.7 9 


3.1312 


4.3 t5 


4.102 


5.67 


7800 


I.I511 


2.6 


2.12« 


3.3 


3.9i 


3.156 


4.5H 


4.121 


5.81 2 


8000 


2.08 


2.7 


2.138 


3.4 


3.108 


4.1 


4.7 8 


4.14 


5.11 



Above weights include 4 per cent, for waste. 



113 



Length: 100 Yds. 



AVeight Tabi,e 
For the Use of Raw Silk, in a Warp of 100 Yards. 











] 


)ENTEES. 


















No. 


3d 
32 


1! 


II 


4Q 
42 


If i 


a 


}f 


ii 


&fi 

so 












DRAMS. 










OF 














Ends. 


11 


2 


n 


2 3 


2 i 1 


2f 


2f 


1 3 


H 








POUNDS, OUNCES AND DRAMS. 







1000 


12 3 


13 


13 1 3 


157 


1.0* 


1.1' 


l.li" 


1.3« 


I.612 


1200 


14io 


15 10 


1.0° 


1.28 


1.38 


1 48 


1.5* 


1.7* 


1.11" 


1400 


1,1* 


1.2 3 


1.3 5 


til' 


1 612 


1.8 8 


1.9 


1.115 


1.151" 


1600 


1.38 


I.41 3 


1.62 


1.8H 


1.10 


1.115 


1.12i° 


1.153 


2.46 


1800 


1.515 


1.7 6 


1.81' 


1.1113 


1.13" 


1.14H 


2.0 3 


2.32 


2.5 


2000 


1.8« 


1 10 


1.111° 


1 14i' 


2.08 


2.22 


2.312 


2.7 


2.7 8 


2200 


1.10' 3 


1 12 10 


1 . 14« 


2.11S 


2.312 


2.59 


2.75 


2 101" 


3.2 


2400 


1.13* 


1.153 


2.12 


2.5i 


2.7 


2.815 


2.101" 


2.1413 


3.6i'» 


2600 


1.15H 


2.1' 3 


2.3i 5 


2.82 


2.10" 


2.12« 


2.148 


3.211 


3.72 


2800 


2.0' 3 


2.3 


2.5 3 


2.9° 


2.1112 


2 13i5 


3.02 


3.48 


3.13" 


3000 


2.4 9 


2.7 


2.9 7 


2.145 


3.()i2 


3.3 3 


3.5i° 


3.10 8 


4 4" 


3200 


2.7 


2.9 10 


2 12 3 


3.1" 


3.4 


3.6i° 


3.93 


3.14° 


4.812 


3400 


2.97 


2.12 3 


2.1415 


3.4 8 


3.7" 


3 . 10 


3.1212 


4.2 5 


4.13 s 


3600 


2. II 1 - 1 


2.1413 


3.112 


3.7° 


3.108 


3.137 


4.0° 


4.0 3 


5.11" 


3800 


2.14- 


3.1 6 


3 48 


3.1011 


3.1312 


4.O1 3 


4 315 


4 102 


5.68 


4000 


3.0 12 


3.4 


3.7" 


3.1312 


4 1 


4.4" 


4.7 8 


4.14 


5 7 


4200 


3.3 3 


3 6'° 


3.10 


4.013 


4.4" 


4.711 


4 Hi 


5.11" 


5.15« 


4400 


3. r>i«» 


3.93 


3.12 1? 


4.315 


4.7° 


4.111 


4.141° 


5.513 


6.42 


4600 


3.7 7 


3. II 13 


3.15° 


4.7 


4.1012 


4.14 s 


5.2* 


5.911 


6.8i° 


4800 


3 10* 


3.14 7 


4.2 s 


4 8* 


4.14 


5.1'" 


5 5i3 


5.131° 


6.13" 


5000 


3.12 15 


4.1 


4.5i 


4.133 


5.1" 


5.55 


5.9" 


6.18 


7.112 


5200 


3.15 6 


4.3 11 


4.71 3 


5.0" 


5.48 


5.812 


5.1215 


6 5« 


7.6" 


5400 


4.1' 3 


4.6 3 


4.10° 


5.3« 


5.7'2 


5.122 


6.0 8 


6 95 


7.101" 


5600 


4 44 


4.813 


4.13° 


5.67 


5.11 


5.15° 


6.42 


6.13 3 


7:15« 


5800 


4.6'i 


4.11« 


5.02 


5.9'° 


5.14" 


6.215 


6.711 


7.12 


8 4 


6000 


4.92 


4.14 


5.2i» 


5.12i° 


6.18 


6.6« 


6.11" 


7.5 


8.88 


6200 


4. IP 


5.01° 


5.5i«» 


5.15H 


6.412 


6.91 3 


6.1413 


7.8i" 


8.13 


6400 


4.14 


5.33 


5.8< ; 


6.21 3 


6.8 


6.133 


7.26 


7.1213 


9.1'" 


6600 


5.0 7 


5.51 3 


5.1113 


6.51 4 


6.11" 


7.0i° 


7.6 


8.O11 


9.62 


6800 


5.2^ 


5.8« 


5.131"' 


6.9 


6 14 8 


7.4 


7.9° 


8.4i° 


9.1012 


7000 


5.5 s 


5.11 


6.O11 


6.121 


7.112 


7.77 


7.132 


8.88 


9.15" 


7200 


B.V" 


5.131° 


6.3 7 


6.154 


7.5'° 


7.10i" 


8.O11 


8.126 


IO.312 


7400 


5.103 


6.03 


6.6 3 


7.2" 


7.8" 


7.14" 


8.4" 


9.05 


10.86 


7600 


5.13* 


6.213 


6.9 


7.5' 5 


7.11 8 


8.111 


8.7i" 


9.43 


10.121" 


7800 


5.151 


6.5« 


6.II12 


7.87 


7.1412 


8.51 


8.117 


9.8 2 


ll.l 8 


8000 


6.18 


6.8 


6.148 


7.11 8 


8.2 


8.88 


8.15 


9.12 


11.6 



Above weights include 4 per cent, for waste. 



114 



Length: 100 Yds. 



^Wriooht Table 
For the Use of Raw Silk, in a Warp of 100 Yards. 





DENIERS. 


No. 


12 


u 1 


16 


lj 1 


ii 


\i 


H 


I 11 


IS 


OF 










DRAMS. - 











Ends. 


5 
8 


i 1 


7 
1 


1 


1} 


if 


13- 


1 Li 


1* 








—POUNDS. OUNCES AND DRAMS. — 






8200 


2.15 


2.8 


2.141° 


3.55 


3.1115 


4.210 


J 

4.95 


4.1515 


5.13 4 


8400 


2.22 


2.815 


2.1512 


3.6 10 


3.136 


4.4 4 


4.111 


5.11 4 


5.159 


8600 


2.2 1J > 


2.9 15 


3 0i5 


3.7i 4 


3.14i 4 


4.5 14 


4.1214 


5.31 4 


6.113 


8800 


2. 3*2 


2.IO1 4 


3.21 


3.93 


4.0 6 


4.7 8 


4.14io 


5.513 


6.42 


9000 


2.49 


2 H1 4 


3.33 


3.108 


4.21 3 


4.92 


5.07 


5.712 


6.66 


9200 


2.5 6 


2.1214 


3.45 


3.1113 


4 3 4 


4.10i 4 


5.2 4 


5.9*1 


6.8 10 


9400 


2.6 s 


2.1313 


3.5 7 


3.132 


4.415 


4.126 


5.4 


5 11 10 


J5.I0 15 


9600 


2.7 


2.1413 


3.6io 


3.146 


4.6 3 


4.14 


5.513 


5.131° 


6.133 


9800 


2.713 


2.1512 


3.712 


3.15H 


4.711 


4.I510 


5.7o 


5.159 


7.02 


10000 


2.8 10 


3.012 


3.8i 4 


4.1 


4.92 


5.1 4 


5.96 


6.1 8 


7.112 


10200 


2.97 


3.112 


3.10 


4.25 


4.109 


5.2i 4 


5.113 


6.37 


7 4 


10400 


2 . 10 * 


3.2 11 


3.112 


4.3io 


4.121 


5.48 


5.1215 


6.5 C 


7.63 


10600 


2.111 


3.3 11 


3.125 


4.41 4 


4.138 


5.62 


5.1412 


6.76 


7.89 


10800 


2. II 14 


3.412 


3.137 


4.63 


4.15 


5.712 


6.08 


6.95 


7.10" 


11000 


2.1211 


3.51" 


3.149 


4.7 8 


5.07 


5.9« 


6.25 


6 II1 4 


7432 


11200 


2.13 8 


3.6io 


3.15H 


4.813 


5.1 14 


5.11 


6.42 


6.133 


7.15" 


11400 


2.14 s 


3.7 9 


4.013 


4.102 


5.3« 


5.12io 


6.51 4 


6.152 


8.I11 


11600 


2.15 2 


3.8 9 


4.2 


4.116 


5.413 


5.14 4 


6.7H 


7.1 2 


8.31- 


11800 


2.1515 


3.9 8 


4.32 


4.1211 


5.65 


5.15i 4 


6.97 


7.3i 


8.611 


12000 


3.012 


3 . 108 


4.4 4 


4.14 


5.712 


O.I 3 


6 .11" 


7.5 


8.8> ! 


12200 


3.1 9 


3.118 


4.5 6 


4.15 s 


5.93 


6.32 


6.13i 


7.615 


B.1012 


12400 


3.2 6 


3.127 


4.68 


5.O10 


5.1011 


6.412 


6.1413 


7 811 


8.131 


12600 


3.3 3 


3.137 


4.7H 


5.114 


5.122 


6.66 


7.0 10 


7.1014 


8.153 


12800 


3.4 


3.146 


4.813 


5.33 


5.13io 


6.8 


7.26 


7.1213 


9.110 


13000 


3.413 


3.156 


4.915 


5.48 


5.15i 


6.910 


7.43 


7.1412 


9.3i 4 


13200 


3.51° 


4.06 


4.111 


5.51 3 


6.0« 


6.114 


7.6 


8.O11 


9.62 


13400 


3.67 


4.1 s 


4.123 


5.72 


6.2 


6.I21 4 


7 712 


8.21° 


9.8 7 


13600 


3.7 4 


4.25 


4.13 s 


5.86 


6.37 


6.148 


7.99 


8.410 


9.1011 


13800 


3.8i 


4.3 4 


4.148 


5.9H 


6.415 


7.02 


7.115 


8.69 


9.13 


14000 


3.814 


4.44 


4.15 10 


5.11 


6.66 


7. 1*2 


7.132 


8.8 8 


9.15 4 


14200 


3.9H 


4.5 4 


5.012 


5.125 


6.7 13 


7.36 


7.1413 


8.107 


10.18 


14400 


3.108 


4.63 


5. I1 4 


5.13io 


6.95 


7.5 


8.0 11 


8.126 


10. 3 1 3 


14600 


3.11 5 


4.73 


5.3i 


5.141 4 


6.1013 


7.6io 


8.2 8 


8.146 


10.61 


14800 


3.122 


4.82 


5.43 


6.03 


6.12 4 


7.8 4 


8.4 4 


9.03 


10.86 


15000 


3.1215 


4.92 


5.55 


6.18 


6.13H 


7.914 


8.6i 


9 2, 4 


10.101° 



Above weights include 4 per cent, for waste. 



Length: 100 Yds. 



"VST P5 1 out Table 
For the Use of Raw Silk, in a Warp of 100 Yards. 











j 


)ENIERS. 


















No. 


■i Q 
3 2 


II 


If 


n 


4a 1 
44 


.4 1 
4 6 


4 6 
48 


50 

52 


1 as 
eo 


OP 










DRAMS. - 










Ends. 


Vk 


2 


2| 


n 


21 


n 


2| 


3 


3£ 








-POUNDS, OUNCES AND DRAM 


Ct 






















8200 


6.3"* 


6.1010 


7.1" 


7.14* 


8.54 


8.111 5 


9.29 


9.1514 


11.108 


8400 


0.6 s 


6.133 


7.4 


SI" 


8.88 


8.155 


9.6* 


10.313 


11.15* 


8600 


6.8*3 


6.1513 


7.613 


8.41* 


8.II12 


9,2*2 


9.912 


10.7H 


12 3i° 


8800 


6.1H 


7.26 


7.90 


8.714 


8.15 


9.62 


9.13> 


10. 11*° 


12.84 


0000 


6.13H 


7 5 


7.125 


8.10*5 


9.2 4 


9.99 


10.014 


10.15 8 


12.12*2 


9200 


7.02 


7 7io 


7.151 


8.14 


9.5 s 


9.13 


10.47 


11 36 


13.14 


1)400 


7 29 


7.10 3 


8.113 


9.12 


9.812 


10.0« 


10.8 


11.75 


13.5*4 


9600 


7.5 


7.1213 


8.4io 


9.43 


9.12 


10 313 


10.10* 


ll.ll 3 


13.106 


0800 


7.77 


7.156 


8.7 s 


9.7 5 


9.154 


10.73 


10.153 


11.152 


14.04 


10000 


7.9 1 " 


8.2 


8.10 2 


9.108 


10.2 8 


IO.IO10 


II.212 


12.3 


14.38 


10200 


7.125 


8.410 


8 1214 


9.137 


IO.512 


10.141 


11.65 


12.615 


14 8 


10400 


7.14.1* 


8.73 


8.I010 


10. 9 


10.9 


11.17 


11.914 


12.10*3 


14.121° 


10600 


8.I 3 


8.913 


9.27 


IO.310 


10.124 


11.414 


11.13" 


12.1411 


15.12 


10800 


8.310 


8.12e 


9.53 


10.61* 


10.15 8 


11.8 1 


12.li 


13.210 


15.512 


11000 


8.6* 


8.15 


9 7*5 


10.913 


11.212 


, 11.1111 


12. V 


13 68 


15.104 


11200 


8.88 


9.110 


9.10'* 


10.1214 


11.6 


12.04 


12.83 


13.106 


15 14i* 


11100 


8.1015 


9.47 


9.13 7 


11 00 


11.914 


12.28 


12.111? 


13.145 


16.312 


11600 


S.13« 


9.6 13 


10.04 


11.31 


11 128 


12.515 


12.156 


14.23 


16. 7i4 


11 800 


8.1513 


9.9« 


10.3 


11.63 


11.1512 


12.95 


13.2' 5 


14 6* 


16.13*2 


12000 


9.24 


9.12 


IO.512 


11.94 


12 3 


12 121* 


13 . 68 


14.10 


17.1 


12200 


9.4ii 


9.14io 


10.88 


11.125 


12.64 


13.0 3 


13.101 


14.1314 


17.5 8 


12400 


9.7 2 


10.13 


10.11» 


11.157 


12.98 


13.30 


13. 13 I'- 


15 112 


17.10* 


12600 


9.99 


10.33 


10.141 


12.28 


12.1212 


13.7 


ll. 14 


15.511 


17.1410 


12800 


9.12 


10.6 6 


H.0'3 


12.5io 


13.- 


13.106 


14.43 


15.910 


18. 3* 


13000 


9.147 


10.9 


11.30 


12.811 


13.3 > 


13.131 3 


14.88 


15.13 8 


18. 7*2 


13200 


10.014 


lO.llio 


11 65 


12.1112 


13.6 8 


14.14 


14.1115 


16.1 « 


18.124 


13400 


10.35 


10.14 3 C 


11.91 


12.141" 


13 91* 


14.4i» 


14.15 8 


16. 55 


19.014 


13600 


lO.Sia 


11.013 


11.1114 


13.115 


13.13 


14.81 


15.32 


16. 93 


19.56 


13800 


10. 8 3 


11.3 6 


11.1410 


13.5i 


14.04 


14.117 


15.6H 


16.132 


19.10 


14000 


IO.IO10 


11.6 


12.16 


13.82 


14 3 8 


14.1414 


15.104 


17.1 


19.148 


14200 


10.131 


II.810 


12.4« 


13.113 


14.612 


15 25 


15.1313 


17.414 


20.3 


14400 


10.158 


11.113 


12.614 


13.145 


14.10 


15.5H 


16.16 


17.813 


20. 7 10 


14000 


11.115 


11.13*3 


12.9i 


14 1« 


14.13 4 


15.92 


16.5 


17.12*1 


20.122 


14800 


11.46 


12.0 6 


12. 12 7 


14.48 


15.08 


15.12 8 


16.80 


I8.O10 


21.012 


15000 


11.613 


12.3 


12.153 


14. 7 9 


15.312 


15.1515 


16.122 
i 


18 4 8 


21.54 



Above weights include 4 pei* cent, for waste. 



I IT) 



Length: 300 Yds. 



W JE£ I « HX TABLE 

For the Use of Raw Silk, in a Warp of 300 Yards. 





1 






] 


DENIERS. 










No. 


i.o 

12 


! H 


14 
1 6 


n 


U 


n 


i zz 

1 24 


I u 


1 2S 












-DRAMS.- 










OF 








Ends. 


8 


1 i 


I * 


1 1 


11 


n 


! *i 


1 1 


1 1* 




POUNDS, OUNCES AND DRAMS. 


1000 


123 


IV" 


1.11 


1.3 8 


1 5'5 


1.86 


1.1013 


1.134 


2.22 


1200 


14io 


l.l 8 


1.47 


1.7« 


1 . 105 


1 134 


2.0* 


2.31 


2 8i5 


1400 


l.l 1 


1.4 7 


1.71 4 


l.ll 4 


1.1411 


2.22 


2.58 


2.815 


2.1512 


1600 


1.38 


1.7« 


1.114 


1.153 


2.31 


2.7 


2.1014 


2.1412 


3.69 


1800 


1.515 


1.105 


1.14H 


2.31 


2.77 


2.1114 


3.04 


3.410 


3.136 


2000 


1.8* 


1 13 4 


2.2* 


2.7 


2.1114 


3.01 2 


3.5io 


3.108 


4.4* 


2200 


1.10* 3 


2.0'* 


2.58 


2.1014 


3.04 


3.5io 


3.1(»i5 


4 0"» 


4.111 


2100 


1.13* 


2.3i 


2.815 


2.1412 


3.410 


3.108 


4.05 


4.63 


5.114 


2600 


1.15H 


2.6° 


2.125 


3.211 


3.9 


3.15« 


4.511 


4.12 


5.8H 


2800 


2.22 


2 8i5 


2.15ta 


3 69 


3.13« 


4 44 


4.111 


5.114 


5.158 


3000 


2.49 


2.111^ 


3 33 


3.108 


4.113 


4.92 


5.07 


5.712 


6 66 


3200 


2.7 


2.1412 


3.6 9 


3.146 


4.63 


4.14 


5.5 1 * 


5 . 139 


6.133 


3100 


2.97 


3.111 


3.10 


4.2 4 


4.109 


5.214 


5.112 


6.37 


7.4 


3600 


2.II1 4 


3.4i« 


3 136 


4.63 


4.1415 


5.712 


6.08 


6.94 


7.1013 


3800 


2.145 


3.7 9 


4.013 


4.101 


5.35 


5.12io 


6.514 


6.152 


8.110 


4000 


3.0 ia 


3.108 


4.14 


4.14 


5.71 2 


6.18 


6.114 


7.5 


8 8 8 


4200 


3.3 3 


3.130 


4.7io 


5.114 


5.122 


6.66 


7.09 


7.1013 


8.155 


4400 


3.51° 


4.05 


4.11 


5.512 


6.08 


6.114 


7.515 


8.O11 


9.6 2 


4600 


3.8i 


4.33 


4.147 


5 910 


6.414 


7.0* 


7.11* 


8 68 


9.121 5 


4800 


3.108 


4.6* 


5.114 


5.138 


6.94 


7.5 


8 Oio 


8.126 


IO.312 


5000 


3. I21 5 


4.9* 


5.55 


6.18 


6.13H 


7.914 


8.61 


9.24 


IO.IO10 


MOO 


3.15« 


4.12 


5.811 


6.5« 


7.21 


7.1412 


8.11« 


9 8i 


11.17 


5100 


4.113 


4.1415 


5.122 


6.94 


7.67 


8.310 


9.012 


9.1315 


11.8 4 


5600 


4.44 


5.1i 4 


5. 15 8 


6.133 


7.1013 


8.8 s 


9.62 


IO.312 


11.151 


5800 


4.611 


5.413 


6.215 


7.11 


7.153 


8.13' ! 


9.117 


IO.910 


12.514 


6000 


4.92 


5.712 


6.6* 


7.5 


8.310 


9.24 


10.014 


10.15 8 


12.1212 


6200 


4.119 


S.lOio 


6.912 


7.814 


8.8 


9.7 2 


10.63 


II.55 


13.39 


6400 


4.14 


5.13 ! » 


6.133 


7.1212 


8.126 


9.12 


10.11 9 


11.11* 


13.106 


6600 


5.07 


6.07 


7.09 


8.O10 


9.012 


10.014 


11.014 


12.1 


14.13 


6800 


5.2n 


6.3« 


7.4 


8.49 


9 52 


IO.512 


11.64 


12.613 


14.8 


7000 


5.55 


6.6« 


7.77 


8.88 


9.99 


10.101° 


11.1111 


12.1212 


14.1414 


7200 


5.7 1 * 


6.9 4 


7.1013 


8.12« 


9.1315 


10.158 


12.1 


13.29 


15.5H 


7400 


5.103 


6.12 3 


7.144 


9.04 


10.25 


11.46 


12.66 


13.87 


15.128 


7600 


0.I210 


6. 15 * 


8.I10 


9.43 


IO.611 


11.94 


12.1112 


13.144 


16. 35 


7800 


5.15i 


7.21 


8.5i 


9 8i 


10.111 


11.142 


13.12 


14.42 


16.102 


8000 


6.18 


7.5 


8.88 


9.12 


10.158 


12.3 


13.68 


14.10 


17.1 



Above weights include 4 per cent, for wj 



11 



LENGTH: 300 YDS. 



Weight Table 
For the Use of Raw Silk, in a Warp or 300 Yards. 











j 


3ENIEKS. 






















No. 


3(1 
3 2 


a 2 

34 


II 


n l 


42 1 
44 


*» 


46 
48 


1 50 
| 52 


58 

60 












DRAMS. - 










OF 












Ends. 


i£ 


* 


n 


21 


2* 


« 


n 


3 


H 




POUNDS, OUNCES AND DRAMS. 


1000 


2.49 


2.7° 


2d 7 


2.14* 


3.0'2 


3.33 


3.510 


3.108 


4.44 


1200 


2. II 14 


2.1412 


3.1H 


3.7o 


3.10« 


3.136 


4.05 


4.63 


. 5.114 


1400 


3.33 


3.6» 


3.10 


4.013 


4.41 


4.7 10 


4.111 


5.114 


5.158 


1600 


3.108 


3.11 7 


4.24 


4.10 1 


4.14 


5.114 


5.512 


5.139 


6.132 


1800 


4.1*3 


4 63 


4. 10" 


5.35 


5.712 


5.122 


6.0 8 


6.94 


7.IO12 


2000 


4.92 


4 14 


5.2 i4 


5.121° 


6.1« 


6.6 R 


6.114 


7.5 


8.8 8 


2200 


5.07 


5.5 12 


5.112 


6.5 11 


6.11' 


7.0o 


7.515 


8 On 


9.52 


2100 


5.7 12 


5.13° 


0.37 


6.152 


7.5" 


7.1013 


8.011 


8.126 


IO.312 


2000 


5.15* 


6.5« 


6.1in 


7.8? 


7.14i 2 


8.5i 


8. II 6 


9.8' 


11. I 6 


2800 


6.66 


6 13 s 


7.4 


8.1> 


8.88 


8.155 


9.62 


10.312 


11.15 


3000 


6.131* 


7.56 


7.125 


8.10'5 


9.24 


9.9o 


10.014 


10.15 8 


12 12i2 


3200 


7.5 


7.12 12 


8.40 


9.43 


9.12 


IO.312 


10.110 


11.113 


13. 10 6 


3-100 


7.125 


S.4» 


8.12 14 


9.137 


IO.51 2 


10.14 


11.65 


12.614 


14.8 


3000 


8.3io 


8.126 


9.5 2 


IO.611 


10. 15 8 


11.8» 


12.1 


13.29 


15.5i° 


3800 


8.11 


9.43 


9.137 


10.1515 


11.94 


12.28 


12.1112 


13 144 


16. 34 


4000 


9.2* 


9.12 


IO.512 


11.9* 


12.3 


12.1212 


13.6 8 


14.10 


17.1 


4200 


9.9° 


IO.31 2 


10.14 


12.28 


12.1212 


13.615 


14.13 


15.5H 


17.141° 


4400 


10. 1 * 


10.110 


11.6- 


12.1112 


13.6 8 


14.13 


14.1114 


16.16 


18.124 


4600 


10. 8 3 


11.35 


11.140 


13.5 


14.04 


14.116 


15.6i° 


16.131 


19.914 


4800 


10. 15 8 


11.112 


12. 6i* 


13.144 


14.10 


15.51° 


16.16 


17.81 2 


20. 7 8 


5000 


11.6*3 


12.3 


12.153 


14.7° 


15. 3i 2 


15. 15i--> 


16.122 


18.48 


21.54 


5200 


11. 14 2 


12.1012 


13.77 


15.013 


15.138 


16.102 


17.613 


19.03 


22.214 


5400 


12.57 


13.20 


13. 15 12 


15.101 


16. 74 


17.46 


18. I 9 


19.1114 


23.0 8 


5600 


12.12*2 


13.10 s 


14.8 


16. 35 


17.1 


17.14io 


18.124 


20.79 


23.14 2 


5800 


13.41 


14.23 


15.05 


16.12 9 


17. 10' 2 


18.814 


19.7 


21.34 


24.412 


6000 


13.11« 


14.10 


15.81° 


17.514 


18.48 


19. 3 2 


20.112 


21.15 


25.98 


6200 


14.211 


15.112 


16.014 


17.15 2 


18 144 


19.13' 


20.127 


22.1011 


26.7 2 


6400 


14.10 


15.9 8 


16. 93 


18.8 fi 


19.8 


20 . 7" 


21.72 


23.66 


27.412 


6600 


15.15 


16.1 e 


17.1 7 


19.11° 


20.112 


21.112 


22.111 


24.21 


28.2 s 


6800 


15.81° 


16. 92 


17.9H 


19.1014 


20.11 8 


21.12 


22.12i° 


24.131 2 


29.- 


7000 


15.1515 


17.1 


18.2i 


20.43 


21.54 


22 . 6 5 


23.7 6 


25.98 


29.1312 


7200 


16. 7 4 


17.812 


18.10 s 


20.137 


21.15 


23.08 


24.21 


26.53 


30. II 6 


7400 


16. 149 


I8.O0 


19.21° 


21.611 


22.812 


23.1012 


24.121 2 


27.014 


31.9 


7600 


17. 5*4 


18.86 


19.1014 


21.1515 


23.28 


24.5 


25.78 


27.12° 


32.61° 


7800 


17. 13 3 


19.03 


20.33 


22.93 


23.124 


24.154 


26.24 


28.84 


33.44 


8000 


18.48 


19.8 


20.118 


23. 2 8 


24.6 


25.98 


26.13 


29.4 


34.2 



Above weights include 4 per cent, for waste. 



118 



Length: 300 Yds, 



Weight '-Takj^js 
For the Use of Raw Silk, for a Warp of 300 Yards. 













DENIERS 


















No. 


H 


1 « 


1 ft 


18 


£8 


20 

u 


2 2 
21 


2j» 
2« 


28 


OP 


DRAMS. 




Ends. 


1 


1 * 


8 


1 1 


1 H 


n 


! x » 


1 n 


1 11 








PC 


UNDS, OUNCES AND DRAMS. 














1 


8200 


6.3 15 


7.714 


8. II 1 * 


9.151 ' 


11.314 


12.714 


13.1113 


14.151 3 


17.713 


8400 


6.6* 


7.1013 


8.155 


10.312 


11.84 


12.1212 


14.13 


15.5H 


17.14H 


8600 


6.8 13 


7.13H 


9.2*1 


10.7H 


11.1210 


13.110 


14.69 


15.118 


18. 57 ! 


8800 


6.114 


8.O11 


9.6 


10.119 


12.1 


13.68 


14.1115 


16.16 


18.12' ! 


9000 


6.13 11 


8 3i° 


9.99 


10.15 8 


12.57 


13.116 


15.15 


16. 74 


19.3-' 


9200 


7.02 


8.69 


9.1215 


11.36 


12.913 


14.04 


15.619 


16. 13i 


19.91* 


9400 


7.29 


8.97 


10.06 


11.74 


12.143 


14.52 


15.12 


17.215 


20.612 : 


9600 


7.5 


8.12 6 


IO.312 


11.113 


13.210 


14.10 


16.16 


17.812 


20.79 ; 


9800 


7.77 


8.155 


10. 7 3 


11.151 


13.7 


14.1414 


I6.611 


17.1410 


20.146 ; 


10000 


7,9" 


9.2 4 


lO.lOio 


12.3 


13.116 


15.312 


16.122 


18.48 


21.54 


10200 


7.125 


9.52 


10.14 


12.614 


13.1512 


15.8'° 


17.17 


18.105 


21 121 J 


10400 


7.1412 


9.8 


11.16 


12.1012 


14.42 


15.138 


17.612 


19.0 2 


22.214 


10600 


8.13 


9.1015 


11.413 


12.14io 


14.88 


16.26 


17.12-' 


19.6 


22.9H 


10800 


8.310 


9.1314 


11.84 


13.28 


14.1214 


16. 74 


18. I 8 


19.1114 


23.08 i 


11000 


8.6i 


10.013 


ll.llio 


13.67 


15.14 


10.12- 


18.614 


20.111 


23.75 


11200 


8.8 8 


10.312 


11.15 


13.106 


15.5io 


17.1 


18.124 


20.78 


23.142 


11400 


8.1015 


IO.611 


12.27 


13.144 


15.10 


17.514 


19.1.9 


20.136 


24.415 


11600 


8.136 


10.9io 


12.514 


14.22 


15.14 fi 


17.1012 


19.614 


21.34 


24.Hi-'! 


11800 


8.1513 


10. 12 9 


12.95 


14.61 


16.213 


17.15io 


19.125 


21.92 


25.210 


12000 


9.2* 


10.158 


12.1212 


14.10 


16. 7 4 


18.48 


20.112 


21.15 


25.98 


12200 


9.4H 


11. 2« 


13.02 


14.1314 


I6.II10 


18.96 


20.7i 


22.43 


26.05 


12400 


9.72 


11.54 


13.38 


15.112 


17.0 


18.144 


20.126 


22.101° 


26.72 


12600 


9.99 


US 3 


13.615 


I0.510 


17.46 


19.32 


21.112 


23 . 07 


26.1315 


12800 


9.12 


11.112 


13.106 


15.98 


17.81'-' 


19.8 


21.72 


23.64 


27.412 i 


13000 


9.147 ! 


11.14 


13.1312; 


15.136 


17. 13 2 


19.1313 


21.127 


23.122 


27.119 ! 


13200 


10.014 


12.014 


14.12 


16.14 


18.1 8 


20.112 


22.112 


24.2 


28.26 


13400 


10.35 


12.413 


14 49 


16. 53 


I8.514 


20.6io 


22. 7 2 


24.713 


28.93 


13600 


IO.512 


12.612 


14.8 


16. 92 


18.10* 


20.118 


22.128 


24.13io 


29.- 


13800 


10.83 


12.912 


14.117 


16.131 


18.141' 


21.06 


23.115 


25.39 


29.614 


14000 


10 .JO* 


12.1212 


14.1414 


17.1 


19 32 


21.54 


23.7 <: 


25.98 


29.1312 


14200 


10.131 


13.151° 


15.24 


17.41' 


19.78 


21.102 


23.12H' 


25.155 


30.49 


14400 


10.158 


13.28 


15.5io 


17.912 


19.1114 


21.15 | 


24.2 


26.52 


30.116 


14600 


11.115 


13.57 


15.9i 


17.12'° 


20.04 


22.314 


24.7 6 


26.11 


31.23 


14800 


11.46 


13.86 


15.128 ! 


18.0« 


20.4io 


22.812 


24.12 , 


27.014 


31.9 


15000 


11.6" | 


13.11 5 


15.1514 j 


18. 47 


20.9 


22.13io 


25.22 

i 


27.6H 


31.1513 



Above weights include 4 per cent, for waste 



1 1!) 



Length: 300 Yds. 



For the Use of Raw Silk, in a Warp of 300 Yards. 











— DENI] 


■fRS 
















No. 


so 

3 2 


3 i 
34 


as 

38 


1 4Q 

| 42 


If 


4A 
46 


±6 
48 


| H 


OF 


DRAMS. 


Ends. 


H 


2 


2* 


at 


H 


21 


H 


1 ^ 








■PHTTTSJ 


DS, OUNCES AND DK 


AMS 










rUU IN 








8200 


18. II 13 


19.1512 


21.312 


23. Ufa 


24.1512 


26. 3 11 


27. 7" 


29.15H 


8400 


19.32 


20.79 


21.121 


24.5 


25.98 


26.1315 


28. 2 7 


30.116 


8600 


19. 10 7 


20.15 s 


22 . 45 


26. 6 ■» 


26.34 


27 . 8 8 


28.13 2 


31.7i 


8800 


20. I 1 2 


21.7 s 


22.121° 


25. 7 8 


26.13 


28. 2 7 


29.714 


32.212 


9000 


20. 9 1 


21.15 


23.415 


26.01 3 


27.612 


28.12H 


30.2i° 


32. 14 8 


9200 


21.06 


22.612 


23. 13 3 


26. 10 * 


28.0 s 


29.614 


30.136 


33.103 


9400 


21. 7 11 


22 . 149 


24. 5 8 


27 35 


28.104 


30.1 2 


31.82 


34.514 


9(500 


21.15 


23.6 s 


24.1312 


27.12° 


29.4 


30.115 


32.213 


35.19 


9800 


22.63 


23 . 14 3 


25.6 


28.513 


29.1312 


31.51° 


32.13 s 


35.134 


10000 


22.13*° 


24.6 


25.146 


28.15 2 


30. 7« 


31.1514 


33.84 


36 . 9 


10200 


23. 4 15 


24.1312 


26.6'" 


29. 8 6 


31.14 


32.101 


34.215 


37.411 


10400 


23.12* 


25.58 


26.141^ 


30.1i° 


31.11 


33.44 


34.13i° 


38.0« 


10(500 


24.39 


25. 13 5 


27.73 


30.1014 


32.412 


33. 14 8 


35.86 


38.121 


10800 


24.10^ 


26.52 


27. 15 8 


31.42 


32 . 14 8 


34.812 


36.32 


39.712 


11000 


25.23 


26.1213 


28.712 


31.13* 


33.84 


35.3 


36.1313 


40.38 


11200 


25. 9 8 


27.412 


29.- 


32.61° 


34.2 


35.13* 


37.88 


40. 15 3 


11400 


26.0^3 


27. 12 9 


29. 8 5 


32.1514 


34.1112 


36. 7 8 


38.3 4 


41.1014 


11600 


26.82 


28. 4« 


30.01° 


33.92 


35. 5 8 


37.112 


38.14 


42.69 


11800 


26.157 


28. 12 3 


30.815 


34.27 


35.154 


37.12 


39.812 


43.24 


12000 


27.7** 


29.4 


31. I 4 


34.1112 


36.9 


38.64 


40.3 8 


43.14 


12200 


27. 14 1 


29.1112 


31.98 


35.5 


37.212 


39. 7 


40 . 143 


44.9H 


12400 


28 . 5 6 


30. 3« 


32.112 


35.144 


37. 12 8 


39.101° 


41.814 


45. 5 6 


12600 


28. ia" 


30.114 


32.101 


36. 7 8 


38.64 


40.414 


42.39 


46.li 


12800 


29.4 


31 3 


33. 26 


37.012 


39.- 


40.152 


42.144 


46.1212 


13000 


29. II 5 


31.10H 


33.10i° 


37.10 


39.912 


41.95 


43.9 


47. S 8 


13200 


30, 2 10 


32. 2 12 


34.2H 


38.34 


40.38 


42. 3« 


44.312 


48.42 


13400 


30.9*5 


32. 10 8 


34.112 


38.128 


40.134 


42.1312 


44. 14 8 


48.1514 


13600 


31.1' 


33 . 2 ' 


35.36 


39.512 


41.7 


43.8 


45.94 


49. II 8 


13800 


31.89 


33 . 102 


35.1112 


39.151 


42.012 


44.2- 


4(5.4 


50.64 


14000 


31.15" 


34.2 


36.42 


40.8 s 


42. 10 8 


44.121° 


40.1412 


51.3 


14200 


32.73 


34.1012 


36.124 


41 li° 


43.44 


45.613 


47. 9* 


51.1411 


14400 


32. li 8 


35. I 8 


37.46 


11.1014 


43.14 


46.1 


4S.42 


52.10 s 


14600 


33.513 


35.9"' 


37.1213 


42.42 


44.712 


46.114 


48.1413 


53.61 


14800 


33.132 


36.1 2 


38.5 J 


42 . 136 


45. I 8 


47. 5 8 


49.9 s 


54.112 


15000 


34. 4 7 


36.81 5 


38. 13 8 


43.6i° 


45.114 


47.1512 


50.44 


54.138 



Above weights include 4 per cent, for waste. 



120 



Length : iOO Yds. 



Of Cotton or Spun Silk Yarns, for a Warp of 100 Yards. 













IS.— 
















No. 


1 


12 


.0 


n 


1 n 


6| 


1 « 


I S| 










3-PLY.— ENGL. NUME 


ER^ 


















End-. 




50 


60 


70 


80 


I m 


100 


110 










S, OUNCES 


AND DKJ 




















1000 


6.3 


4.15 


4.2 


3 . 9 


3 2 


2.12 


2.8 


2.4 


1200 


7.10 10 


5 . 15 


4.15 * 


4.4 s 


3.117 


3.4" 


2.15" 


2.11 s 


1400 


8.10'" 


6.15 


5.139 


4.152 


4.5 


3.131° 


3.77 


3.26 


1600 


9.147 


7.14K 


6.9 7 


5.108 


4.15* 


4.6 s 


3.156 


3.1111 


1800 


ii. if 


8.141" 


7.6" 


6 5i3 


5.6" 


4.15* 


4.7 s 


4.1 


2000 


12. 6 2 


9 14^ 


8.41 


7.11 


6.3 


5.8 


4 15' 


4 8 


2200 


13.10 


10.15 


9.2 


7.13 


6.13 


6.1 


5.7 


4.15 


2400 


14.13*i 


11.141" 


9 15 


8.8 


7.7 


6.9 


5.15 


4.6 7 


2600 


16. 1« . 


12.14 


10.11* 


9.4 


8.1 


7.2 


6.5 


5 14 


2800 


17.5 s 


13.1313 


11. 8" 


9.147 


8.1()i° 


7.116 


6 14" 


6.5 


3000 


18. $2 


14.13H 


12.6i 


10. 91 3 


9.4 8 


8.41 


7.6" 


6. 11" 


32<!0 


19.13 


15. 5 4 


13.3 s 


11 5 2 


OH 7 


8.13 


7.14" 


7.3" 


3400 


21. 13 


16.61" 


14. 8 


12.0 7 


10. 8 6 


9.5 8 


8 7 


7.107 


3600 


22.4° 


17.13 4 


14.1311 


13 0i" 


11.2^ 


9.147 


8.141° 


8 I" 


3800 


23.86 


18.13* 


15. 10. 15 


13.7i 


11.123 


10. 1* 


9.6 8 


8.8" 


4000 


24. 12 3 


19.121- 


16.8 = 


14.2 s 


12.61 


11.0 3 


9.147 


9.01 


4200 


26.- 


20.121' 


17.5 s 


14.1311 


13.- 


11.8" 


10.66 


9.7 4 


4400 




21.11" 


18. 2« 


15.93 


13.91- 1 


12.17 


10.14 s 


9.147 


4600 




22. 12 8 


18.15' :! 


16.46 


14.312 


12.1012 


ll.O-i 


jii.5 9 


4800 






19.13 


16 15i3 


14.158 


13. 3 •■* 


11.151 


10.12" 


5000 






20. 10 2 


18 0" 
18 . 6« 


15. 7 13 
1G.1 8 


13.122 
14.413 


12 61 
12.14 


11.4 


5200 






11. 116 


5400 








19. I 1 " 


16.117 


14.139 


13.51 1 


12. 2 8 


55i!0 










17.06 


15.21 


13. 9-- 


12.61 


5600 










17.102 


15. 6 9 


13.13' < 


1 12.911 


5800 












15.153 


14. 5 1 a 


; 13. b" 


6000 












16.82 


14.13" 


; 13.82 


6200 











_ 




15.5'° 


13.156 


6400 















15.131° 


14. 6« 


6600 












t 






Mi:;" 


6800 













j 




i 15.5« 



Above table is figured for 2-ply yarns and includes 4 per cent, for waste. 

Sizes are in English numbers and paralleled in drams ; Spun Silk Yarns, however, haf e half 
the numbers of drams and half the weight their numbers indicate, i. e.: for a warp of 4,000 ends we 
have to figure the weight for a Spun Silk Warp as 2,000 ends. 



121 



LENGTH: 100 YDS. 



Of Cotton or Spun Silk Yarns, for a Warp of 100 Yards. 











—DRAMS.— 








No. 


" 


4f | 


^ 1 


31 


H 


3 


n 


H 




- 






3-PLY.— ENGL. NUMB 


EliS 






OP 












Ends. 


120 


130 


140 


160 


180 


200 


220 


240 










S. OUNCES 


AND DKA 


MS 


















1000 


2.1 


1.15 


1 12 


1.9 


1.6 


1.4 


1.2 


1.1 


1200 


2.7 9 


2.4 9 


2 2 


LIS" 


1 . 10° 


1.8 


1.5 


1 1313 


1400 


2.14 3 


2.101 2 


2.7 9 


2 2 10 


1.1412 


l.llii 


1.9* 


1.7- 


1600 


3.4 15 


3.1 


2. 13 6 


2.71 3 


2 :P 


1.156 


1.1213 


1.10 7 


1800 


3.11*° 


3.61 2 


3.2i 5 


2.12 9 


2.71° 


2.3 9 


2.0 


1.13*i 


2000 


4.- 


3 13 3 


3 8i° 


3.1 7 


2 12 


2.7io 


2 4 


2.1 


2200 


4.9 


4.3 


3.14 


3.7 


3 - 


2.12 


2.8 


2 4 


2400 


i.15 3 


4.92 


4 4 


3.11 7 


3 . 5 


2.158 


•2.113 


2.7io 


2600 


5.5 11 


4.153 


4.9 11 


t.Oio 


3 . 10 


3.3 8 


2.1412 


2.101 ' 


2800 


5.12? 


5.5^ 


t 1 ;, « 


4.5- 


3.131° 


3.7 7 


3 26 


2 14 3 


3000 


6 3* 


5. II 7 


5.5 


4 10' 


4 2 


3.11 7 


3 6 


3 l 8 


3200 


6 9 i0 


6.1 8 


5 10 7 


i 15' 


4.6 7 


3.156 


3 910 


3.412 


3400 


7.0 3 


0.7' ' 


6.0 4 


5.4 3 


4.1012 


4.35 


3 13 4 


3 8 


3600 


7.6 14 


6.13 11 


6.5 13 


5 92 


4.15 4 


4.75 


4.013 


3 11? 


3800 


8.0* 4 


7.3 8 


6.12 


5.14 


5.32 


4.10»» 


4 4 7 


3 1411 


4U0O 


8.46 


7.913 


7.1 3 


6.3 


5.8 


4 15^ 


4.8 


4.2 


4200 


8.10'° 


8.- 


7.6 i4 


6.8 


5.12 7 


5.33 


4.11i° 


4.55 


4400 


9.1 14 


8.62 


7.11 7 


6.1211 


6.013 


5.72 


4.1412 


4.8° 


4000 


9.8 


8.12 4 


8.2 3 


7.115 


6.5 4 


5.112 


5.2*-* 


4.11*1 


4800 


9.14 8 


9.2- 


8.7 13 


7 6* 


0.9 3 


5 15* 


5.6? 


4.15 4 


5000 


10. 5 * 


9.8e 


8.13 8 


7.1112 


6 142 


6 3i 


5.10 


5.2» 


5200 


10. II 8 


9 . 14 n 


9.3 3 


8 1 


7.26 


• 1.7 


5.13io 


5.51 3 


5400 


11. 2 4 


10.4io 


9.8 13 


8 5' 


7. ('»'•> 


6 Hi 


6.1 * 


5.92 


5500 


11.50 


10.7H 


9. 11 '■' 


8.8' 


7.9i 


6.13 


6.31 


5.IO1 3 


5600 


11. 8 13 


10.101° 


9.14 8 


8.101" 


7.102 


6.141- 


6.4i 2 


5.12 7 


5800 


11.15- 


U.O12 


10.42 


8.15 s 


7 . 15« 


7.I11 


6.8 (; 


5.1512 


6000 


12 6 A 


U.611 


10. 9 1 


9.4'J 


8.4i 


7.611 


B.12 9 


6.3i 


(5200 


12 1210 


11. 12^ 


10.15 8 


9.9*° 


8.8e 


7.1013 


6.15 9 


6.67 


6400 


13.3* 


12.31 


11.52 


9.14 7 


8.I21 4 


7.I413 


7.3 > 


6.9io 


6600 


13.9i« 


12.9' 


11.1012 


10. 3 7 


9.15 


8.2io 


7.76 


6.12* 3 


6800 


14 9 


12.151 


12.0° 


10 8« 


9.5io 


8.69 


7.10 8 


7.04 


7000 


14. 7 2 


13. 5 5 


12.62 


10.135 


9.101 


8.101° 


7.136 


7.2i4 


7200 


14.127 


13. 10^ 


12.101° 


11.15 


9.13 s ' 


8.13' 13 


8.015 


7.63 


7400 




14. I 8 


13.16 


11.74 


! 10. 2i 4 


9.29 


8.5* 


7.10 3 


7600 




14. 7 y 


13. 7 1 


11 12 3 


10.75 


9.71-' 


8. 81 4 


7.13 7 


7800 






13.1211 


12.12 


10.1112 


9.10 8 


8.12 7 


8.O12 


8000 






14. 2« 


12.61 


11.02 


9.14. 8 


9.01 


8 4i 


8200 








12.111 


11. 4 8 


10. 2 7 


9.3H 


8.76 


8400 








13.- 


11.814 


10.66 


9.74 


8.101° 


8600 








... 


11.136 


10 91° 


9.111 


8.I31 5 


8800 










12. I 7 


10.145 


9.14« 


9.1 4 


9000 




1 

! 






1 


11. 2 4 


10 . 2 * 


9.4 9 



Above table is figured for 2-ply yarns and includes 4 per cent, for waste. 

Sizes are in English numbers and paralleled in drams ; Spun Silk Yarns, however, have half 
tbe numbers of drams and half the weight their numbers indicate, i. e.: for a warp of 4,000 c]i<\± w e 
have to figure the weight for a Spun silk Warp as -3.000 ends. 



FILLING WEIGHT TABLES 



124 



Width: 20 In 



Length : 100 Yds. 



In Reed, 



F*rr,x,x:s*G Weight Tahlk 



For the Use of Tram, in a Piece of 100 Yards, 20 Inches Wide. 













DENIERS 


















Picks 


2. 2 

2 4 


1 u 


M 


If 


IS i 


36 
3 8 


4Q ]' 
4 2 | 


11 


41 
46 












-TJT? A MM 











PER 






UAAiUr 1 . 




Inch. 


If 


u 


if 


n 


2 


H 


at | 


H 


n 








POUNDS, OUNCES AND DRA1 


jg_ 














60 


11 


12 


14 


15 


1- 


1.1 


13 


1.4 


1.5 


64 


1112 


12 * 3 


15 


ID' 


l.i* 


1.23 


1.45 


1.56 


1.6 8 


68 


12 9 


13'* 


I51 5 


Ll 2 


1.2* 


1.3 6 


I.51 ' 


1.68 


1.7* 5 


72 


13* 


ll 7 


1.0" 


1.2* 


1.3* 


1.4 7 


1.6" 


1.8' 


1.9* 


7G 


14 


15 * 


1.1" 


I.32 


1.4 6 


1.51° 


1.8 3 


1.9 7 


1.102 


80 


1411 


1.- 


I.211 


1.4* 


1.5 6 


1.6** 


1.9 6 


l.lOi* 


1.121 


81 


15 7 


I.O1 4 


I.311 


1.5* 


1.6 s 


1.7 1 * 


1.101 


1.12 2 


1.13 8 


88 


1.0 2 


1.1" 


1.4» 


1 . 6 


1.7 8 


1.8" 


1.11" 


1.136 


1.14" 


92 


1.0" 


1.2 7 


1.5* 


1.7 1 


1.8*° 


1.103 


1.13* 


1.14" 


2.0 5 


96 


1.1" 


13' 


1.6 7 


1 8 


1.9" 


1.11* 


1.147 


2._ 


2.1* 3 


100 


1.2« 


1.4* 


1.7 6 


1.9i 


l.lO" 


1.128 


1.15" 


2.1 7 


2.32 


104 


1.32 


1.4** 


1.8« 


1.102 


1.11* * 


1.13*° 


2.12 


2 . 2 * 3 


2.4* 


108 


1.3** 


1.5*" 


1.9* 


1.11* 


1.12** 


1.14ii 


2.2' 


2.12 


2.5** 


112 


1.4" 


1.6 s 


1.10^ 


1.122 


1.14 


1.151* 


2.3*° 


2.5 s 


2.7 6 


116 


1.55 


1.7* 


1.11* 


1.131 


1.15 


2.0* 5 


2. I* 3 


2.6*2 


2.8H 


120 


1.6 


1.8 


1.12 


1.14 


2. - 


2.2 


2.6 


2.8 


2 . 10 


124 


1.7 


1.9 


1.13 


1.151 


2.1 2 


2.32 


2.7 5 


2.9° 


2.11 s 


128 


1.7" 


1 9" 


1.14 


2.02 


2.2* 


2.46 


2.8*° 


2.10" 


2 13 


132 


1.8* 


1 . 108 


1.15 


2.1* 


2.36 


2.5 9 


2.10* 


2.111* 


2.147 


136 


1.92 


1.116 


1.15" 


2.2* 


2.4 s 


2.6*2 


2.116 


2.13 


2.15" 


140 


I.91 2 


1.122 


1.16" 


2.3 3 


2.5 s 


2.7* 3 


2.12 9 


2.1412 


3.011 


144 


1.10" 


1.12** 


2.1*° 


2.42 


2.6 8 


2.8 1 * 


2.1312 


3.02 


3.2 s 


148 


1.11* 


1.13" 


2.2 10 


2.5 3 


2.710 


2.10c 


2.14 1 * 


3.1 s 


3 3« 


152 


1.12 


1.148 


2.3" 


2.6* 


2.8*2 


2.11* 


3.0 c 


3.2** 


3.4* 


156 


1.12" 


1.15-* 


2.4 8 


2.7 3 


2 9 ' 2 


2.12 5 


3.1* 


3.12 


3.6 3 


160 


1.13 6 


2.- 


2.5« 


2.8 2 


2.10*2 


2.13* 


3.2*2 


3.5 s 


3.82 


161 


1.143 


2.1 2 


2.6« 


2.92 


2.111* 


2.14 s 


3.3 9 


3.6 8 


3.9** 


168 


1.14" 


2.1" 


2 7 6 


2.102 


2 . 13 


2.1512 


3.42 


3.8* 


3.11 


172 


1.15 9 


2.2 7 


2.8* 


2.11* 


2.14 


3.0* 3 


3.5** 


3 9 s 


3.125 


176 


2.0* 


2.3* 


2.92 


2.12 


2.15 


3.1** 


3.712 


3.10*2 


3.13 10 


180 


2.1 s 


2.12 


2.10 2 


2.13i 


3.0 a 


3.32 


3.8 1 * 


3.11 7 


3.152 


184 


2.1" 


2.414 


2.112 


2.142 


3.1* 


3.46 


3.108 


3.13" 


4.0" 


188 


2.2*° 


2.5^ 


2.11" 


2.15i 


3.2* 


3.57 


3.11** 


3.14 


4.22 


192 


2.3* 


2.68 


2.12** 


3.- 


3.3* 


3.6 8 


3.12** 


4- 


4.31° 


196 


2.3 14 


2.7 5 


2.13i 3 


3.11 


3.4* 


3.7 18 


3.14* 


4.1 7 


4.52 


200 


2.41 2 


2.82 


2.1412 


3.22 


3.5» 


3.9 


3.15 s 


1.2* * 


4.6* 



Above weights include 7 per cent, for waste. 



123 



WIDTH: 20 In 

In Reed. 



Length: 100 Yds. 

Filling Weight XabIvK 

For the Use of Tram, in a Piece of 100 Yards. 20 Inches Wide. 













-DENIER? 






















Picks 


IS 


50 

5 2 


1 56 
60 


60 


64 
fi8 


7<V 


80 

84 1 


84 
88 


8 S 

92 












DP \.MS 










PER 














Inch. 


9 3 
~4 


i 3 


| 3} 


31 


4 


4| 


*l 


5 


| H 








P< 


3UXDS. OUNCES AND DP. A 


vis 


















60 


1.6 


1.8 


1.12 


1 14 


2.- 


2.2 


2.6 


2.8 


2.10 


64 


1.7 8 


1.9fc<} 


1.14 


2.02 


2.2 4 


2.46 


2.81° 


2.1012 


2.13 


68 


1.9 2 


1.116 


1.1514 


2.24 


2.4« 


2.612 


2.116 


2.13 


2.1514 


72 


1.108 


1.1214 


2.110 


2.42 


2.68 


2.8 14 


2.1312 


3.0 2 


3.28 


76 


1.12 


1.148 


2.3io 


2 61 


2.812 


2.114 


3.06 


3.214 


3.44 


80 


1.136 


2.- 


2.5 e 


2.8 2 


2.1012 


2.136 


3.212 


3.5 G 


3.8 2 


84 


I.U1 4 


2.112 


, 2.7 6 


2.102 


2.13 


2.1512 


3.4 2 


3.8 4 


3.11 


88 


2.0^ 


2.34 


2.92 


2.12 


2.15 


3.114 


3.7i 2 


3 10i2 


3.13io 


92 


2.1*4 


2.4" 


2.112 


2.142 


3.14 


3.46 


3.10 8 


3. Hi 2 


4.01° 


96 


2.3 1 


2.68 


2.1214 


3.- 


3.34 


3.68 


3.1214 


4.- 


4.3io 


100 


2.412 


2.82 


2.141- 


3.2 2 


3.5 8 


3.9 


3.158 


4.214 


4.64 


104 


2.64 


2.912 


3.012 


3.44 


3.712 


3.111 


4.2 4 


4.5io 


4.9 = 


108 


2.712 


2.114 


3.28 


3.62 


3.912 


3.136 


4.48 


4.81 


4.1112 


112 


2.94 


2.13 


3.4 8 


3.84 


3.12 


3.1512 


4.74 


4.11 


4.1412 


116 


2.10 1 " 


2.148 


3.64 


3.10 2 


3.14 


4.I11 


4.9io 


4.13 8 


5.16 


120 


2.12 


3.0 


3.8 


3.12 


4.- 


4.4 


4.12 


5.- 


5.4 


124 


2.13 8 


3.1i ( > 


3.10 


3. 14 2 


4.24 


4.61- 5 


4.148 


5.2i 2 


5.7 


128 


2.15 


3 34 


3.12 


4.0" 


4.4« 


4.812 


5.14 


5.58 


5.10 


132 


3.0 2 


3.414 


3.13,1° 


4.2 2 


4.612 


4.11 


5.315 


5.7i 2 


5.1214 


136 


3.24 


3.612 


3.1512 


4.48 


4.9 


4.13 8 


5.6 i2 


5.10 


5.1512 


140 


3.314 


3.84 


4.12 


4.6e 


4.11 


4.15 9 


5.9 


5.132 


6.2* 


144 


3.5 


3.9*2 


4.34 


4.84 


4.13 


5.110 


5.11 s 


6.04 


6.5 


148 


3.68 


3.116 


4.54 


4.10 G 


4.154 


5.314 


5.1314 


6.3° 


6.614 


152 


3.8 


3.13 


4.74 


4.12 8 


5.18 


5.68 


6.O12 


6.512 


6.88 


156 


3.9e 


3.148 


4.9 2 


4.146 


5.38 


5.810 


6.310 


6.84 


6.126 


160 


3.1012 


4.- 


4.1012 


5.04 


5.58 


5.1012 


6.5 8 


6.IO1 2 


7 04 


164 


3. II 8 


4.11' 


4.1212 


5.2 4 


5.84 


5.13io 


6.712 


6.I310 


7 3 2 


168 


3.13* 2 


4.3« 


4.14' 2 


5.44 


5.10 


5.15 8 


6.84 


7. 08 


7.6 


172 


3.1510 


4 5 


5.01° , 


5.62 


5.12 


6.I10 


6.1114 


7.3 


7.8i 3 


176 


4.08 


4 68 


5.24 


5.8 


5.14 


6.312 


6.15 8 


7.5 8 


7.11 ' 


180 


4.112 


4.82 


5.44 


5.102 


6.04 


6.6 


7.2 s 


7.6 8 


7.14 ' 


184 


4.312 


4.912 


5.6 4 


5 124 


6.28 


6.812 


7.5 


7.7 s 


8.14 


188 


4.5* 


4 112 


5.8 2 


5 142 


6.48 


6.11 


7.76 


7.12 


8.44 


192 


4.6« 


4.13 


5.912 


6.- 


('.?;•■ 


6.13 


7.912 


8.- 


8.74 


196 


4.8 


4.1410 


5.1110! 


6.22 


0.88 ' 


6.158 


7.124 


8.3 4 


8.912 


200 


4.9 8 


o.Oi 


5.138 


6.44 


6.11 


7.2 


7.15 


8.512 


8.12 8 



Above weights include 7 per cent, for waste. 



1-J<; 



Width: 20 In 



Length: 100 Yds. 



Filling Weight Table 
For the Use of Tram, in a Piece of 100 Yards, 20 Inches Wide. 













DENIERS 






















Picks 


n 


1QO 
10 4 


m 


120. 
128 


i?» 1 

13 « 


144 1 
15 2 1 


m 1 


1 7 
1 8 4 


: i H 


pep. 










-DRAMS. 










Inch. 


H 


« 1 


7 


n 1 


8 ! 


8J 


n | 


10* 


12 








— POUNDS, OUNCES AND DRAMS. - 




no 


2.12 


3- 


3.8 


3.12 


4.- 


4.4 


4.12 


:» 4 


6.- 


64 


2.15 


3.34 


3.12 


4.0* 


4.4» 


4.8 12 


5.14 


5.10 


(5 . 68 


68 


3.2 4 


3.6 12 


3.1512 


4.4 8 


4.9 


4.13 8 


5.612 


5.1512 


6.138 


72 


3.5 


3.912 


4.34 


4.8* 


4.13 


5.11° 


5. II 8 


6.5 


7.3 8 


76 


3.8 


3.13 


4.7* 


4.128 


5.1 8 


5.68 


6.0'2 


6.8 8 


7.10 


80 


3.10i 2 


4.- 


4.1012 


5.04 


5.58 


5.10 1 * 


6.58 


7.0 4 


8.- 


84 


3.13*2 


4.3 8 


4.1412 


5.44 


5.10 


5.158 


6.84 


7.6 


8.7 


88 


4.0 8 


4.6 8 


5.24 


5.8 


5.14 


6.312 


6.15 8 


7.114 


8.13 


92 


4.3 12 


4.912 


5.64 


5.124 


6.28 


6.812 


7.5 


8.14 


9.38 


96 


4.6 8 


4.13 


5.9 12 


6.- 


6.6 s 


6.13 


7.912 


8.74 


9.912 


100 


4.98 


5.0* 


5.13 8 


6.44 


6.11 


7.2 


7.15 


8.128 


10. 8 


104 


4.12 8 


5.38 


6.1 8 


6.8 8 


6.15 8 


7.6 8 


8.4 8 


9.24 


10.7 


108 


4.15 8 


5.68 


6.5 


6.124 


7.3 8 


7.1012 


8.9 


9.7 8 


10.13 


112 


5.28 


5.10 


6.9 


7.08 


7.8 


7.15 8 


8. 14 8 


9.138 


11.4 


116 


5.54 


5.13 


6.128 


7.44 


7.12 


8.312 


9.3 1 


IO.212 


11.10 


120 


5.8 


6.- 


7.- 


7.8 


8.- 


8.8 


9.8 


10.8 


12.- 


124 


5.11 


6.34 


7.4 


7.1513 


8.414 


8.13 


9.1214 


10.14 


12.7 


128 


5.14 


6 6« 


7.8 


8.0 8 


8.9 


9.1 8 


10.2 8 


11.4 


12.13 


132 


6.1" 


6.9 14 


7. II 15 


8.414 


8.1314 


9.63 


10. 8 5 


II.912 


13.5 


136 


6.4« 


6.138 


7.15 8 


8.9 


9.2 


9.11 


10.13 8 


11.158 


13.11 


140 


6.7 4 


7.08 


8.2 4 


8.13 


9.6 


9.15 2 


11.2 


12.4 8 


14.1 


144 


6.10 


7.38 


8.6 8 


9.08 


9.10 


10.34 


11.7 


12.10 


14.7 


148 


6.13 


7.7 


8.10 8 


9.34 


9.14 8 


10. 8 2 


11.124 


12. 13 7 


14.13° 


152 


7.- 


7.10 


8.148 


9.6 


10.3 


10.13 


12.18 


13.1 


15 4 


156 


7.3 4 


7.13 


9.2 


9.114 


10.7 


11.14 


12.54 


13.84 


15.10 


160 


7.5 H 


8.- 


9.5« 


10.08 


10.11 


11.5« 


12.11 


14.08 


16.- 


164 


7.88 


8.3 8 


9.9 8 


10.48 


11.08 


11.104 


12. 13 8 


14.6 4 


16.7 


168 


7.118 


8.7 


9.13 8 


10.8 8 


11.4 


11.15 


13.08 


14.12 


16.14 


172 


7.144 


8.10 


10. 1 * 


10.124 


11.8 


12.3' 


13.71° 


15.24 


17.4 


176 


8.1 


8.13 


10.48 


11- 


11.12 


12.7" 


13.15 < 


15 68 


17.10 


180 


8.44 


9.0 4 


10.88 


II.44 


120 8 


12. c* 


14.48 


15.128 


18.08 


184 


8 7 s 


9.3 8 


10.128 


11.88 


12.5 


13.1 8 


14.10 


16.28 


18.7 


188 


8.106 


9.7 4 


11.- 


11.124 


12.9 


13.514 


14.148 


16.8 8 


18. 134 


192 


8.13* 


9.10 


11.3 8 


12.- 


12.13 


13.10 


15.3 8 


16.14 8 


19.38 


196 


9.- 


9.134 


II.74 


12.44 


13.1 s 


13.15 


15.88 


17.31° 


19.104 


200 


9.3 


10 8 


11.11 


12.88 


13.6 


14.4 


15.14 


17.9 


20.1 



Above weights include 7 per cent, for waste. 



127 



WIDTH: 24 In 



Length: 100 Yds. 



1^11*1*11*0- 'Weight 'JFam^is 
For the Use of Tram, in a Piece of 100 Yards, 24 Inches Wide. 



DENIERS. 



:J2 



H 



DRAMS. 



if H | 



H 



2i | 



21 



H 



2| 



POUNDS, OUNCES AND DRAMS. 



133 


I 
14^ 


14* 


15« 


15 1 


16" 


15 14 


1.1« 


1.0 12 


1.2"> 


1.1" 


1.3 5 


1.2 9 


1.4 ! 


1.3 7 


1.53 


1.4* 


1.62 


1.5 a 


1.7 2 


1.6 1 


IS' 


1.6" 


1.9 


1.7" 


1.9" 


1.8 12 


1.11 


l.l) 10 


1.1113 


1.10' 


1.121* 


1.115 


1.13' 


1.123 


I.I412 


1.132 


I.I512 


1.14 


2.0** 


1.15 


2.1" 


1.1511 


2.2" 


2.0H 


2.3 1 " 


2.1 8 


2.4 9 


2.2« 


2 . 58 


2.31 


2.6» 


2.-11 


2.77 


2.5i 


2 8 = 


2.6 


2.9 7 


2.613 


2.10 6 


2.710 


2.118 


2.8 s 


2.123 


2.1)8 


2.13* 


2.10 6 


2.14" 


2.11* 


2.152 


2.123 


SO 3 



1.013 
1.1" 
1.32 

1.4* 
1.5 5 
1.67 
B.7" 

1.8 11 
I.91 3 
1.11 
1.122 
1.133 
1.145 
1 . 15" 
2.0 ! ' 
2.I11 
2 . 1 ' ;! 
2.31' 
2.5i 
2.63 
7,; 

8« 

9 9 

10" 
2.11ia 
2.12" 
2.1411 
2.152 
3.0> 
3.1 7 
3.2 8 
3.3i ( » 
3.413 
S.5" 
3.7 
3.83 



1.2 

1.3* 

1.4 8 

I.511 

1.614 

1.8 

1 . 9 s 
10 8 
11' 
.12*' 
142 
15^ 
Q 9 

.112 

2" 
41 



2 

2 

2.5« 

2.67 

2.712 

2.8H 

2.103 

2.11- 

2.12* 

2.13H 

2.141* 

3.01 

3.13 

3.2 8 

3.313 

3.4" 

3.6i 

3.7 5 

3.8i° 

3.912 

3.IO1 5 

3.121 



1.3* 


1.47 


1.613 


1.4 8 


I.512 


1.85 


1.514 


1.74 


1.10 


I.72 


1.8 9 


1.117 


l-.8« 


1.914 


1.1215 


1.9i° 


1.114 


1.147 


1.11 


1.1211 


2.01 


1.124 


1.14 


2.1 9 


1.138 


1.155 


2.3 


1.14'4 


2.03 


2.4» 


2.02 


2.22 


2.62 


2. 1 B 


2.3 7 


2.7H 


2.2i° 


2.4" 


2.92 


2.2* 


2.64 


2.1012 


2.54 


2.7* 


2.124 


2 . 68 


2.814 


2.13H 


2.7'3 


2.104 


2 . 143 


2.9' 


2.11 9 


3.011 


2.10 7 


2.13 


3.25 


2. II 11 


2.14" 


3.312 


2.13 


2.15" 


3.57 


2.14- 


3.11 


3.6" 


2.15 8 


3.2 8 


3.8« 


3.0" 


3.313 


3.914 


3.2 


3.52 


3.11« 


3.3- 


3.6 8 


3.1214 


3.4"' 


3.712 


3 . 145 


3.514 


3.9« 


4.01 


3.74 


3.10H 


4.1i" 


3.8 s 


3.12 


4.3i 


3.912 


3.135 


4.4 8 


3.112 


3.1413 


4.63 


3.12« 


4.02 


4.711 


3.13" 


4.17 


4.93 


3.1414 


4.213 


Lion 


4.0' 


,, 


4.125 



1.8i 
1.91° 

1.11« 

1.12" 

1.148 

2.01 

2.I12 

2.3 5 

2.414 

2.6i° 

2.82 

2.912 

2.115 

2.13 
2 . 14« 

3.0 2 
3.113 
3.34 
3.5 
3.6» 
3.84 
3.9" 
3.1ie 
1215 
14 8 
0i 
I12 
35 
51 
4.6i° 
4.83 
4.914 

4.117 

4.13 
4.14io 

5.0 5 



Above weights include 7 per cent, for waste. 



128 



Width: 24 In 

In Reed. 



Length: 100 Yds. 

I^uuiviT^o "W^kigiit Table 



For the Use of Tram, in a Piece of 100 Yards, 24 Inches Wide. 













DENIERS.- 

















Picks 


•i <; i 

IK | 


52 | 


5 


S° 


1 6* 

| (58 


7 2. 
7« 


§2 


«1 
88 


92 


Per 










DT? V "MS 

















U l\l\.jjx O, 




frrcE. 


21 


? 


H 


3| 


1 * 


a 


n 


5 


H 








p 


QUNDS, OUNCES i 


tNJ) PR A 


MS 


















<;o 


1.107 


J.12M 


2.111 


2.41 


2.6« 


2.8H | 


2.13" 


3.02 


3.2« 


t;i 


1 . 12? 


1.1412 


2.3" 


2.6 7 


2.9i 


2.11° 


3.0" 


3.35 


3.5" 


liS 


1.14ft 


2.0" 


2.6 5 


2.9 


2.11" 


2.14 8 


3.215 


3.6" 


3.9 7 


72 


1.15" 


2.211 


2.8 8 


2.11° 


2.14" 


3.12 


3.6 4 


3.9" 


3.12" 


76 


2.1 8 


2 . 4° 


2.101° 


2.13" 


3.01 2 


3.31 3 


3.9" 


3.12" 


4.- 


SO 


2.3 4 


2.6 7 


2.12" 


3.01 


3.3 4 


3.6 7 


3.12" 


4.01 


4.3 4 


84 


2.5 2 


$ . 8° 


2.15i 


3.2 5 


3.6 


3.9« 


4. 02 


4.3 8 


4.6" 


88 


2.6" 


2.10« 


3.1 7 


3.4" 


3.8 8 


3.12 


4.3' 


4.6'° 


it. 102 


92 


2.8° 


2.121 


3310 


a.7 5 


3.11 


3.14H 


4.6i 


4.912 


4.13 7 


96 


2.10 7 


2 . 14 s 


3.6 


3.9" 


3.1312 


4.1° 


4.9 5 


4.13 3 


5.11 


100 


2 . 12 3 


3.0 3 


3.8 3 


3.12 4 


4.0' 


4.4 4 


4.12 4 


5.03 


5.4 5 


lot 


2.1'dit 


3.21 


3.10° 


3.14° 


4.2" 


4.6" 


4.15i 


5.3 7 


5.7" 


108 


2.154? 


3.31 5 


3.12° 


4.0" 


4.5' 


4.9° 


5.21 


5.6° 


5.10" 


112 


3.1 8 


3.6 


3.15 


4.3« 


4.8 


4.12 8 


5.5° 


5.10 


5.14 8 


116 


3.3 3 


3.711 


4.1 3 


4.5" 


4.10« 


4.15 2 


5.8 7 


5.132 


6.I12 


120 


3.4" 


3.912 


4.3 R 


4.8 3 


4.13 


5.1" 


5.11 7 


6.0' 


6.51 


124 


3.612 


3. II 12 


4.511 


4.1011 


4.15H 


5.4i° 


5.14'° 


6.31° 


6.8^ 


128 


3.8« 


3.131° 


4.712 


4.1214 


5.22 


5.72 


6.1« 


6.6" 


6.11"' 


132 


3.10' 


3.15 


4.10 3 


4.15 8 


5.4i 5 


5.101 


6.4" 


6.IO1 


6 . 15« 


136 


3.12 


4.17 


4.126 


5.111 


5.7 4 


5.1212 


6.71° 


6. 13 2 


7.2° 


140 


3.13" 


4.38 


4.1412 


5.4 e 


5.10 


5.15" 


6.10" 


7.0 8 


7.6 2 


144 


3.158 


4.5 5 


5.0" 


5.6i° 


5.12« 


6.22 


6.13" 


7.3 8 


7.9' 


148 


4.15 


1.74 


5.32 


5.9i 


5.15 


6.4" 


7.0" 


7.6" 


7.12" 


1.32 


4.3 


4.92 


5.5 5 


5.11« 


6.1 8 


6.7° 


7.4" 


7.9" 


7.15" 


156 


4.4^2 


4.11 


5.7 8 


5.1312 


6.4 


6.10 4 


7.6" 


7.13 


8.3' 


160 


4.6° 


4.1211 


5.9H 


6.0 4 


6.6i° 


6.13i 


7.9" 


8.0 6 


8.8 


164 


4.8- 


4.1415 


5 121 


6.2i° 


6.9 4 


6.1512 


7.12" 


8.3° 


8.10i 


168 


4.10 1 


5.0" 


5.14' 


6.5 


6.II12 


7.2 8 


7.15" 


8.6" 


8.13 7 


172 


4.11i" 


5.2" 


6.O11 


6.7° 


6.14 


7 . 5« 


8.31 


8. 10 2 


9.1 


176 


4.13" 


5.4" 


6 . 2 ' 4 


i |,9i5 


7.1 


7.8 1 


; 8.6 3 


8.13 4 


9.5-» 


180 


4.156 


5.6 10 


6.5i 


! 6.12' 


7.3 8 


7.10'2 


: 8.9 2 


1 9.06 


9.7° 


184 


5.15 


5.8" ; 


6.7 7 


6.14" 


7.6* 


7.13'° 


8.12' 


9.3" 


9.11 3 


188 


5.3 


5.10° 


6.910 


7.1 3 


7.8" 


8.0'' 


8. 15« 


i 9.6" 


9.14« 


192 


5.412 


5.127 


| 6.111' 


: 7.3* 


7.11* 


8.2" 


9.2« : 


; 9.101 


10.1" 


196 


5.6 7 


5.11"» 


6.14 


j 7.5" 


7.1312 


8.5i° 


9.5- 


! 9.13 3 


10.51 


200 


5.8 5 


6.0 e 


1 7.0^ 


\ 7.8' 


8 8 


8.8 8 


9.8° 


10.0" 


1 10.81" 



weights include 7 per cent, for wast< 



129 



Width: 24 In 

In Reed. 



Length: 100 Yds, 

I^ii^i?*o Height Tabi.e 
For the Use of Tram, in a Piece of 100 Yards, 24 Inches Wide. 













EES. 


- _ 














Picks 


9| 


1 (M» 

Kl 1 


1 1 •> 
| 1 20 


1 g.0 
1 88 


1 m 


I ill 


I b 


1 168 


Peh 
























Inch. 


H 


6 


i 7 


i n 


1 8 


8.j 


I n 


i '«> 








POI NDS, OUXCKS AM) DRAMS. 




■ 


(it) 


:!.■'■-• 


! .:M 


4.3« 


4 83 


4.13 


5.113 


5.116 


6.04 


64 


3. 87 


3 .13" 


4.7'4 


4.1213 


5.22 


5.7* 


6.1« 


6 61" 


<;.s 


3.122 


4.1i<> 


4. 12« 


5.2" 


5.7" 


5.13 


6.51 ' 


6.136 


72 


3.15 l ° 


4.5« 


5.0'-- 


5.6' 2 


5.12" 


6.2 r > 


6.12" 


7 3"> 


76 


1.3 


4-^2 


5 . 5* 


5 . 1 1 « 


6.18 


6.7 J ' 


7.3' 2 


7 91- 


80 


4.67 


4 .121" 


5.9H 


6.O2 


(;.<; :i 


6.1214 


7!)i2 


8.O2 


si 


4.10' 


5.1 


5 .14» 


6 .5* 


h . 12 


7.24 


8.0' 


8.t 


SS 


4.1311 


5.41 • 


1 G . 2 1 * 


6 . S) 1 * 


7 1 


7.8- 


s,;, 


8.I34 


92 


5.12 


5.8" 


6.74 


6.141° 


7.6 


7.13- 


8.12 2 


!) 3 * 


9<; 


5.4^ 


5. 12 1<> 


(5.121 


7.3i 2 


7.11" 


8.33 


9 2 to 


9.10' : 


1 00 


5.83 


6.0'i 


7.- 


7.87 


SO" 


8.88 


9.8° 


10.0' <> 


101 


5.1113 


6.4-* 


7.113 


7.132 


s.;,« 


8.1313 


9.14" 


10.614 


10s 


5.153 


6.71 4 


7.93 


8.114 


8.10" 


9.32 


10.42 


10.132 


1 1 2 


6.3 


6.12 


7.14 


8.7 


9.- 


9.9 


10.11 


11.4 


in; 


6.67 


6.I512 


8.2« 


8.II11 


!) . 5 


9.14s 


11.014 


11.104 


120 


6.9* ' 


7.38 


8.6i z 


9.0 6 


9.10 


10.31° 


' 11. 6*4 


12. 3 


124 


6.13» 


7.7" 


8.118 


9.57 


9.157 


t0.9 3 


11.13' 


12.7' 


128 


7 . 1 2 


7.11* 


8.1512 


9.6« 


IO.4-' 


10.144 


12.2'2 


12.136 


132 


7.4i'» 


7.15!5 


9 . 4 ' » 


9.15' 


IO.912 


II.42 


12.96 


13.42 


13G 


7. 7 H 


8.2 i5 


9 812 


10.3H 


10.14 y 


11.96 


12.154 


13.104 


110 


7. Ilia 


8.7 


9.138 


IO.812 


11.4 


11.154 


13.512 


14.1 


144 


7.15 


8.10» 


10 in 


10.134 


11.813 


12.414 


13.116 


14.7 


lis 


S.2 ly 


8.148 


10.64 


11.22 


11.14 


12.914 


14.1i«- 


14.138 


152 


8.6 1 


9 . 2 * 


10 94 


11.613 


12.3 


12.153 


14.96 


15.3i ( > 


i:><> 


8.9 8 


9.6 


10.15 


11.118 


12:8 


13.4" 


14.13" 


15 . 10 


160 


8.133 


9. 12 8 


II.311 


12.0 9 


12.136 


13.103 


15.314 


16. 12 


164 


9.0 11 


9.13^ 


11.83 


I2.53 


13.2" 


l3.15io 


15.912 


16. 72 


1C>$ 


9.42 


10. lio 


11.129 


12.10 


13.7" 


14.413 


15.1514 


16.13« 


172 


9.7^ 


IO.512 


12.16 


12.153 


13.13 


14.1013 


16.62 


17.44 


176 


9.1le : 


10.9 8 


12.512 i 


13.314 


14.2 


15.02 


16.12 6 


17. 10 8 


ISO 


9.1413 


10. 13* 


12.112 1 


13 89 


14.7 


15.57 


17.24 


I8.O12 


tih 


10.29 


11.1« 


12.111-' 


13.1311 


14.12" 


15.114 


17.814 


is 71° 


lsx 


10. Gi 


11.52 


I3.35 


14.2e 


15.18 


16.0 9 


17.1412 


18 13 14 


192 


10.97 


11.814 


13.711 


14.71 


15.68 


16. 5i4 


18. 412 


19 42 


1 96 


10. 12^ 


1 1 . 1 2 1 «» 


13.121 


14.1112 


15.11" 


16.113 


18.101" 


19 106 


200 


11.011 


12.012 


14.014 


15. 0' 5 


16.1 


17.li 


19.12 


20.14 



Above weights include 7 per cent, for waste. 



130 



Width: 27'/ 2 In 

In Reed. 



Length: 100 Yds. 

I^ii^irco 'VSTjkioht Table 



For the Use of Tram, in a Piece of 100 Yards, 27V2 Inches Wide. 

















JJEiXMJlillC 


. 








Picks 


11 | 


u 


2. 8 
30 


II 


32. 
34 | 


M 


1% | 


« 1 


u 












-DRAMS. 










PER 












Inch. 


** 1 


H 


1} 


H | 


* 1 


2 ^ 1 


2| | 


n 


^ 








POUNDS, OUNCES AND DRAfl 


IS 














CO 


15 2 


1.0 8 


1.34 


1.4 l ° 


1.6 


1.7« 


l.lO 2 


1.11 8 


1.12'4 


64 


1.0? 


1.1 10 


1.4 9 


1.6 


1.7« 


1.9 


1.1114 


1.13« 


1.1413 


68 


1.13 


1.212 


1.514 


1.7 7 


1.9 


lap 9 


1.13H 


1.154 


2.013 


72 


1.23 


1.3 14 


1.73 


I.81 3 


1.10 8 


1.122 


1.15F 


2.12 


2.2'2 


76 


1.32 


1.4 14 


1.8« 


1.102 


1.1114 


1.131° 


2.12 


2.214 


2.4 9 


80 


1.4 3 


1.6 


I.911 


l.ll 9 


1.13 6 


1.15 3 


2.214 


2.411 


2.6» 


84 


1.5" 


1.7 2 


1.11 


1.121 5 


1.1414 


2.0' 3 


2.411 


2.6 9 


2.S 8 


88 


1.64 


1.84 


1.12- 


1.1314 


2.0 6 


2.2« 


2.5i° 


2.S 7 


2.10 8 


92 


1.73 


1.9 5 


1.13 8 


1.151° 


2.1 12 


2.3H 


2.8i 


2.10 3 


2.125 


96 


1.8^ 


1.10 7 


1.14 13 


2.11 


2.34 


2.5 7 


2.9*4 


2.121 


2.144 


100 


1.94 


1.11* 


2.02 


2.2 8 


2.412 


2.7i 


2.111° 


2.14 


3.04 


104 


1.10 5 


1.12 11 


2.1 7 


2.314 


2.64 


2.8i° 


2.137 


2.1513 


3 2 3 


108 


111 5 


1.13 13 


2.212 


2.54 


2.712 


2.104 


2.153 


3.I11 


3.4 3 


112 


1.12 4 


1.14 13 


2.4 


2.6 9 


2.92 


2.1in 


3.0*3 


3.3 6 


3.6 


116 


1.135 


2.- 


2.5 s 


2.715 


2.101° 


2.13 s 


3.2i° 


3.54 


3.715 


120 


1.144 


2.1 


2.C 8 


2.94 


2.12 


2.1412 


3.44 


3.7 


3.9^2 


124 


1.15* 


2.2 2 


2.8 s 


2.10*2 


2.13 8 


3.0e 


3.52 


3.814 


3.1112 


128 


2.0« 


2.34 


2.92 


2.12 


2.15 


3.2 


3 . 7 1 2 


3.1012 


3.1312 


132 


2.1° 


2.4« 


2.10 7 


2.13 7 


3.0 8 


3.4 


3.0 8 


3.12i° 


3.1511 


136 


2.2 6 


2.5 8 


2.1112 


2.1414 


3.2 


3.52 


3.116 


3 . 14 8 


4.11° 


140 


2.3« 


2.6 10 


2.131 


3.0 8 


3.3 8 


3.7 


3.132 


4.06 


4.3 9 


144 


2.4 6 


2.712 


2.14« 


3.11° 


3.5 


3.8 4 


3.1414 


4.24 


4.5 8 


148 


2.5 5 


2.81 2 


2.15 9 


3.32 


3.6 6 


3. 10 2 


4.0i° 


4.4 


4.7 6 


152 


2.64 


2.912 


3.O12 


3.44 


3.7*2 


3.114 


4.24 


4.512 


4.9 2 


156 


2.7 5 


2.1014 


3.24 


3.6 


3.9 


3.121 3 


4.42 


4.7 9 


4. II 8 


160 


2.8« 


2.12 


3.3 G 


3.7 2 


3.1012 


3.14< ! 


4.512 


4.9 e 


4.142 


164 


2.9 7 


2.13 2 


3.5« 


3.8 10 


3.12 


4.02 


4.7 9 


4.114 


4.15 8 


168 


2.10 8 


2.144 


3.6 


3.914 


3.1312 


4.11° 


4.9« 


4.132 


5.1 


172 


2. II 8 


2.15 6 


3.7 5 


3.IO1 3 


3.15 


4.3 


4.10 5 


4.152 


5.3 


176 


2.12 8 


3.0 8 


3.8 1() 


3. Ill* 


4.012 


4.412 


4.114 


5.014 


5.5 


180 


2.137 


3.1 9 


3. 10 4 


3 13 


4.2 2 


4.62 


4.13 8 


5.2 8 


5.72 


184 


2.146 


3.2io 


3.11 


3.154 


4.3« 


4.7« 


5.02 


5.4 6 


5.8 10 


188 


2.15 7 


3.312 


3.12 5 


4.01° 


4.5 


4.9 6 


5.21 


5.6 8 


5.9*4 


192 


3.0 8 


3.414 


3.131° 


4.22 


4.6 8 


4.101 4 


5.312 


5.82 


5.128 


196 


3.1 8 


3.6 


3. 14i* 


4.31° 


4.8 


4.1212 


5.5 8 


5.101 


5.14 8 


200 


3.28 


3.7 2 


4.04 


4.5 


4.98 


4.142 


5.7* 


5.12 


6.0 8 



Above weights include 7 per cent, for waste. 



131 



WIDTH: 27V 2 In 



Length: 100 Ydp. 



In Reed. 



l^iivi-ri^vo "Weight TjvrXvK 



For the Use of Tram, in a Piece of 100 Yards, 27V2 Inches Wide. 













-"nPlSTTTTR^ 
















XJHilri IDilv^ 








Picks 


46 
48 


\ §* 


1 •!« 
BO 


60 
6 4 


11 


n 


an 

84 


| || 


88 
9 2 












Tip a MQ 










PEU 






U I L J.T. 1V1 k> 








Inch. 


n 


1 3 


| 3. 4 


3| 


4 


H 


| 4| 


1 * 


H 








POUNDS, OUNCES AND DRA^ 


kfS 
















1.144 














3.7 




60 


2.1 


2.6 8 


2.9 4 


2.12 


2.1412 


3.4 4 


3.912 


64 


2.06 


2.3 4 


2.92 


2.12 


2.15 


3.2 


3.712 


3.IO12 


3.1312 


68 


2.26 


2.5 8 


2.1112 


2.141 4 


3.2 


3.52 


3.U 6 


3.14 8 


4.11° 


72 


2.46 


2.712 


2.146 


3.11° 


3.5 


3.8 4 


3.14i 4 


4.2 « 


4.5 8 


76 


2.6 4 


2.91 2 


3.O12 


3.4 4 


3.712 


3. II 4 


4.2 4 


4.512 


4.92 


80 


2.8 6 


2.12 


3.36 


3.72 


3.1012 


3.146 


4.512 


4.;)6 


4.142 


84 


2.108 


2.14 4 


3.6 


3.9i 4 


3.1312 


4.1i° 


4.96 


4.132 


5 


1 


88 


2.12« 


3.08 


3.8i° 


3.1112 


'4.0*2 


4.412 


4.11 4 


5.01 4 


5 


5 


92 


2.14« 


3.2i° 


3.11 


3.15 4 


4.3 8 


4.7« 


5.02 


5.46 


5 


81° 


96 


3.0 8 


3.4i 4 


3.13i° 


4.22 


4.68 


4.10i 4 


5.312 


5 82 


' 5 


12 8 


100 


3.28 


3.72 


4.0 4 


4.5 


4.9 8 


4.142 


5.7 4 


5.12 


6 


08 


104 


3. 41° 


3.9 6 


4.211 


4.712 


4.12 8 


5.1 4 


5.IO1 4 


5.15i° 


6 


46 


108 


3.6i° 


3.111° 


4.58 


4. 10 8 


4.15 8 


5.48 


5.146 


6.3e 


6 


86 


112 


3.8 8 


3.13i° 


4.8 


4.132 


5.2 4 


5.7« 


6.1i° 


6.612 


6 


12 


116 


3.10 10 


4.- 


4.10i° 


4.15i 4 


5.5 4 


5.101° 


6.5 4 


6.10 8 


6 


15i 4 


120 


3.128 


4.2 


4.13 


5.2 8 


5.8 


5.13 8 


6.8 8 


6.14 


7 


38 


124 


3.141° 


4.44 


5.06 


5.5 4 


5.11 


6.01 


6.11 8 


6.17* 


7 


7 8 


128 


4.012 


4 68 


5.2 4 


5.8 


5 . 14 


6.4 


6. 15« 


7.5 8 


7 


ll 8 


132 


4.2i a 


4.8 8 


5.52 


5.11 


6.0" 


6.72 


7.32 


7.9 4 


7 


156 


136 


4.412 


4.11 


5.712 


5.1312 


6.4 


6.IO1 


7.612 


7.13 


8.3 4 


140 


4.612 


4.13 4 


5.10 


6.0 8 


6.7 


6.13 4 


7.10 


8 l 4 


8.72 


144 


4.812 


4. 15 8 


5.1212 


6.3 4 


6.10 


7.0 8 


7.1312 


8.4 8 


8.11 


148 


4.10i° 


5.0i 4 


5.15 


6.51 3 


6.13 


7.3 8 


8.0i° 


8.8 


8.142 


152 


4.128 


5.38 


6.18 


6.8 8 


6.158 


7.68 


8.48 


8. II 8 


9 2 4 


156 


4.1410 


5.6 4 


6.48 


6.116 


7.28 


7.9i° 


8.8 


8.15 


9.7 4 


160 


5.012 


5.8 


6.612 


6.14 4 


7.58 


7.1212 


8. II 8 


9.212 


9.12 4 


164 


5.3 6 


5.10* 


6.9° 


7.O1 4 


7.8 8 


8.O1 


8.14i° 


9.6 8 


9.152 


168 


5.6 


5.12 8 


6 12 


7 312 


7.118 


8.3 4 


9.212 


9.10 4 


10.2 


172 


5.7 8 


5.15 


6.142 


7.5i° 


7.148 


8.6 6 


9.4i° 


9.14i 


10.6 


176 


5.9 


6.1 


7.1 4 


7.7 8 


8.1 8 


8.9 s 


9.6 8 


10.112 


10.10 


180 


5.111 


6.32 


7.4 


7.11 


8.47 


8.12 


9.56 


10. 5 8 


IO.I31 4 


184 


5 1212 


6.5 4 


7.6 


7.14 8 


8.7 


8.1412 


10. 4 


IO.812 


11,1* 


188 


5.14 


6.7 8 


7.8 7 


8.1 6 


8.10 


9.112 


10.42 


10. 12 8 


11.52 


192 


6.1 


6.912 


7.11 4 


8.4 4 


8.13 


9.5 12 


10. 7 8 


11. 4 


11.9 


196 


6.3 


6.112 


7.13 4 


8.72 


9.- 


9.92 


IO.IO1 4 


11.42 


11.14 


200 


6.5 


6.14 4 


8.0 8 


8.10 


9.3 


9.12 4 


10. 14 8 


11.8 


12 1 



Above weights include 7 per cent, for waste. 



132 



vVidth : 24 In. 



Length : 100 Yds, 



In Reed. 



ITii^ivirco "Weight Tabi^e 

FOR COTTON OR SPUN SILK YARNS 



DRAMS.- 



15 



n n 



6 



H 



3f | 3 | 2f 2*1 2^ I n 1*1 If 1A 



20 



30 



40 



SIZES OF YARNS IN ENGL. No.— 1-PLY. 

^70 | 80 I 90 I 100 I 110 I 120 I 130 I 140 I 160 I 180 200 



50 



60 



POUNDS AND OUNCES.- 



8.15 


5.15 1 


4.7 


9.8 


6.5 


4.12 


10.2 


6.12 


5.1 


10.11 


7.2 


5.6 


11.5 


7.8 


5.10 


11.14 


7.15 


5 15 


12.8 


8.5 


6.4 


13.1 


8.11 


6.9 


13.11 


9.2 


6.13 


14.4 


9.8 


7.2 


14.15 


9.14 


7.7 


15.7 


10.5 


7.12 


16 - 


10.11 


8.- 


16.10 


11,1 


8.5 


17.4 


11.8 


8.10 


17.13 


11.14 


8.14 


18.7 


12.5 


9.3 


19.- 


12.11 


9.8 


19.10 


13.1 


9.13 


20.3 


13.7 


10.2 


20.13 


13 14 


10.6 


21.6 


14.4 


10.11 


22.- 


14.11 


11.- 


22.9 


15.1 


11.5 


23.3 


15.7 


11.9 


23.12 


15.13 


11.14 


24.6 


16.4 


12.3 


24.15 


16.10 


12.8 


25.9 


17.1 


12 12 


26.2 


17.7 


13.1 


26.12 


17.13 


13.6 


27.5 


18.4 


13.11 


28.- 


18.10 


13.15 


28.8 


19.- 


14 4 


29.2 


19.7 


14.9 


29.11 


19.13 


14.14 



3.9 2.15.2.9 2.3 2.- jl.13 


1.101.8 


1.6 


1.4 


1 2 


1.- 


-.14 


3.1413 3 


2.112.6 


2 2 1 15 


1.121.9 


1.7 


1.6 


1.3 


1.1 


-.15 


4.- 


3.6 


2.12 2 9 


2.4 2.- 


1.13 


1.11 


1.9 


1.7 


1.4 


1.2 


1.- 


4.4 


3.9 


3.1 2 11 


2 6 |2 2 


115 


1.13 


1.10 


1.8 


1.5 


1.3 1.1 


4.8 


3.12 


3.4 2.13 


2.8 2 4 


2.1 


1.14 


1.12 


1.10 1 7 


1.4 


1.2 


4.12 


3 15 


3.6 


2 15 


2.10 2 6 


2 3 


2- 


1.13 


1.11 


1.8 


1.5 


1.3 


4.15 


43 


3.9 


3 2 


2.122.8 


2.4 


2.1 


1.15 


1.131.9 


1.6 


1.4 


5.4 


4.6 


3.12 


3.4 


2 14 2 10 


2.6 


23 


2 - 


1 14 


1 10 


1.7 15 


5.7 


4.9 


3.14 


3 7 


3.1 


2 12 


2.8 


2.4 


2.2 


1.15 


1.11 


1.8 


1.6 


5.11 


4 12 


4.1 


3.9 


3.3 


2.14 


2.10 


2.6 


2.3 


2 1 


1.13 


1.9 


1.7 


5.15 


4.15 


4.4 


3 11 


3.5 


S.- 


2.11 


2.8 


2.5 


2.2 


1.14 


1.101.8 


6 3 


5.2 


4.8 


3.13 


3.7 


S.I 


2.13 


2.9 


2 6 


2 3 


1.15 


1.11I1.9 


6 7 


5.5 


4.9 4.- 


3 9 


3.3 


2.15 


2.11 


2.7 


2.5 


2.- 


1.13 1.10 


6.105.9 


4.12 


4.3 


3.11 


3.5 


3.- 


2.12 


2.9 


2.6 


2 1 


1.14 


1 11 


6.14 


5.12 


4 15 


4.5 


3.13 


3.7 


3 2 


2.14 


2.10 


2.7 


2.2 


1.15 


1.12 


7.2 


5.15 


5.2 


4.7 


3 . 15 


3.9 


3.4 


3- 


2.12 


2.9 


2.4 


2- 


1.13 


7.6 


6.2 


5 4 


4.10 


4.1 


3.11 


3.6 


31 


2.13 


2.10 


2.5 


2.1 


1.14 


7.10 


6.5 


5.7 


4 12 


4.4 


3 13 


3.7 


3.3 


2.15 


2.11 


2.6 


2.2 


1.15 


7.14 


6.9 


5.9 


4.14 


4.6 


3.15 


3.9 


3.4 


3.- 


2.13 


2.7 


2.3 


1 15 


8.1 


6.12 


5.12 


5.1 


4.8 


4 1 


3.11 


3.6 


3.2 


2.14 


2 8 


2.4 


2.- 


8 5 


6.15 


5 . 15 


5.3 


1 10 


4.3 


3.13 


3.7 


3.3 


3.- 


2.10 


2.5 


2.1 


8.9 


7.2 


6.2 


5.6 


4.12 


4.4 


3.14 


3.9 


3.5 


3.1 


2 11 


2.6 


2.2 


8 13 


7.5 


6.5 


5.8 


4.14 


4.6 


4.- 


3.11 


3.6 


3.2 


2 12 


2.7 


2.3 


9.1 


7.8 


6.7 


5.10 


5.- 


4.8 


4.2 


3.12 


3.8 


3.4 


2.13 


2 8 


2.4 


9.4 


7.12 


6.10 


5.13 


5.2 


4.10 


4.3 


3.14 


3.9 


3.5 


2.14 


2.9 


2.5 


9.8 


7.15 


6.13 


5.15 


5.5 


4.124.5 


3.15 


3.11 


3.6 


S.- 


2.10 


2.6 


9.128.2 


6.15 


6.1 


5.7 


4. 14'4. 7 


4.1 


3.12 


3.8 


S.I 


2.11 


2.7 


9.15 


8.5 


7.2 


6.4 


5.9 


5.- 


4.9 


4.3 


3.13 


3.9 


3.2 


2.12 


2.8 


10.4 


8.8 


7.5 


6.6 


5.11 


5.2 


4.10 


4.4 


3.15 


3.103.3 


2.13 


2.9 


10.7 


8.11 


7.8 


6.9 


5.13 


5.4 


4.12'4.6 


4.- 


3.12 


3.4 


2.142.10 


10.11 


8.15 


7.10 


6.11 


5.15 


5.6 


4.14'4.7 


4.2 


3.13 


3.5 


S.- 


2.11 


10.15 


9.2 


7.13 


6 13 


6.1 


5.7 


S.- 


4.9 


4.3 


3.14 


3.7 


S.I 


2.12 


11.3 


9.5 


8.- 


7.- 


6.3 


5.9 


S.I 


4.10 


4 5 


4.- 


3.8 


3.2 


2.13 


11.7 


9.8 


8.2 


7.2 


6.5 


5.11 


5.3 


4.12 


4 6 


41 


3.9 


3.3 2.14 


11.10 


9.11 


8.5 


7.4 


6.8 


5.13 


5.5 


4.14 


4.8 


4.3 


3.10 


3.4 2.15 


11.149.14 


8.7 


7.6 


6.10 


5.155.6 


4.15 


4.9 4.4 


3.11 


3.5 3- 



Above weights include 4 per cent, for waste. 

Above weights are for 1-ply yarns ; 2-ply and 3-ply cotton yarns are respectively double and 
thrice the above weights and drams ; Spun Silk Yarns, however, in 2 and 3-ply have the num- 
ber of drams and the same weight their numbers indicate, and are written 20/ 2J 30/ 2j 2o/ 3> 3o/ a) 



REMARKS ABOUT WASTE. 



The figuring of the waste in these weight tables is 
kept uniform. 

The warp weight tables include 4 per cent., and the 
filling weight tables include 7 per cent., which figures are 
pretty exact in the manufacture o( a good many articles, 
when best raw material is used. 

Now, there are a number of goods which cans-' less 
waste during the manufacturing process, and then again 
many which cause more, for instance, on one side there are 
piece dyed goods and on the other side complicated goods 
with a large variety of colors, or heavy weighted and 
doubled fillings. 

According to the quality of the raw material, and 
according to the nature and quality of the article to be 
manufactured, we sometimes have to modify the results of 
the weights in our calculations a few per cent., but in a 
great many goods the weights are correct. 



Comparative Yarn Tables 



136 



Comparative 











Metres 


Italian 


Manchester 


Cotton 


Yards 


Yams 


Yards 


Scale 


Scale. 


| Scale. 


per lb. 


per oz. 


per dram. 


per 
Kilogramme 


in 
Deniers. 


Drams per 
1000 Yards. 


1 


840 


S V4 


1 
3-281 


1,692 


5,282*333 


304*761 


i# 


1,260 


78^ 


4-921 


2,539 
3,384 


3,521*555 


203*174 


2 


1,680 


105 


6-562 


2,641*166 


152*380 


*% 


2,100 


'31X 


8*203 


4,232 


2,112*933 


121*904 


3 


2,520 


m% 


9-843 


5,078 


I,76o*777 


101*587 


2^ 


2,940 


i»3tf 


1 1 -484 


5,925 


1,509*238 


87*074 


4 


3,36o 


210 


13-135 


6,768 


I,320*583 


76*190 


fK 


3J8o 


236X 


14*765 


7,6i7 


I,I73*58i 


67*i9S 


5 


4,200 


262^ 


16*406 


8,464 


1,056*466 


60*952 


5K 


4,620 


288^ 


18*046 


9,3lo 


960*422 


55*4" 


6 


5,040 


315 


19*687 


10,157 


880*388 


50*793 


Q l A 


5,460 


341X 


21*328 


",003 


812*666 


46*886 


7 


5,88o 


367K 


22*968 


11,850 


754*6i9 


43*537 


Wz 


6,300 


393^ 


24*609 


12,696 


704*3" 


40-634 


8 


6,720 


420 


26*250 


13,536 


660*292 


38*095 


sy 2 


7,140 


446^ 


27*890 


14,389 


621*450 


35* 8 54 


9 


7,560 


472>£ 


29*531 


J5.235 


586.925 


33*597 


«2# 


7,980 


498^ 


31*171 


16,082 


556*o35 


32*080 


10 


8,400 


525 . 


32*812 


16,928 


528*233 


30*476 


10# 


8,820 


55>X 


34*453 


17,775 


503-079 


29-024 


11 


9,240 


577^ 


36-093 


18,621 


480*212 


27*705 


!« 


9,660 


603^ 


37*734 


19,468 


459*333 


26*501 


12 


10,080 


630 


39*375 


20,314 


440*194 


25*396 


12# 


10,500 


6 5 6# 


41*015 


21,161 


422*586 


24*380 


13 


10,920 


682^ 


42*656 


22,007 


406*333 


23*443 


J?# 


«,340 


708 % 


44*296 


22,853 


391*283 


22*574 


14 


11,760 


735 


45*937 


. 23,700 


377*309 


21*768 


14^ 


12,180 


76iX 


47*578 


24,546 


364*298 


2I.*oi8 


15 


12,600 


787K 


49*218 


25,393 


352*156 


20*317 


iS^ 


13,020 


813^ 


50*859 


26,239 


340*795 


19*662 


16 


13,440 


840 


52*500 


27,072 


330*146 


19*047 


16^ 


13,860 


866X 


54*140 


27,932 


320-141 


x8*47o 


17 


14,280 


892^ 


55*781 


28,779 


310*725 


17-927 


17K 


14,700 


918^ 


57*42i 


29,625 


301-847 


17*414 


is 


15,120 


945 


59-062 


3o,47i 


293-462 


I6-793 


18# 


15,540 


97iX 


60-703 


31,318 


285*531 
278*018 


l6 '473 


19 


15,960 


997K 


62-343 


32,164 


16-040 


19# 


16,380 


1,02334: 


63-984 


33,o" 


270-888 


15*628 


20 


16,800 


1,050 


65-625 


33,857 


264*116 


15*238 


20K 


17,220 


1,076% 


67 -26s 


34,704 


257*674 


I4"866 


21 


17,640 


1,102 >£ 


68-906 


35,55o 


251'539 


14*512 


Si^ 


1 8, 060 


1,12834: 


70-546 


36,397 


245*689 


I4-I74 


22 


18,480 


1,155 


72-187 


: 37,243 


240*106 


13-852 


22^ 


18,900 


i.iSitf 


73-828 


\ 38,089 


234-770 


13*544 


23 


19,320 


1,207)$ 


75-468 


38,936 


229"666 


13-250 


S 3 ^ 


19,740 


1,233^ 


77-109 


39,782 


224-780 ' 


I2*968 


24 


20,160 


1,260 


78-750 


40,629 


220*097 


12-698 


2I# 


20,580 


i,286X 


80-390 


I 4i,475 


215-604 


12*439 


25 


21,000 \ 


1,312^ 


82*031^ 


! 142,322 


211*293 | 


I2IQO 



Yarn .Tables. 



137 



Cotton 
Scale. 



1 
2 

t* 

4 

i H 

6 

6% 



9% 
10 

n 

12 

a* 
a* 

15 

£* 

18 
19 

22* 

20 

20# 
21 

21^ 
22 

22^ 
23 

IV^ 

24 

24K 

25 



Linen Scale. 

Leas of 

300 yds. in 

lib. 



2'8oo 

4*20O 

5-600 
7-000 
8*400 
9-800 

U-20O 

I2'6oo 
14-000 
15*400 
16-800 
18-200 
19-600 
2I'ooo 
22-4oo 
23*800 
25-200 
26-600 
28-000 
29*400 
30-800 
32*200 
33-600 
35-000 
36-400 
37-800 
39-200 
40*600 
42*000 
43-400 
44*800 
46*200 
47-600 

49J000 
50-400 

51-800 

53-200 

54-600 

56-000 

57-400 

5S-8oo 

60'200 

61-600 
63-000 
64-400 
65*800 
67-200 
68-600 
70-000 



Worsted 
Scale. 



3 " 
3% 
4 J A 
S% 
6 

eu 

9 / 

ioy 2 

12 

& 

18 

183/ 

I9# 

20# 
21 

2i^r 
22^ 

23X 
24 

24^ 

2 l£ 
26X 

27 

27l< 

28K 
29tf 
so- 
3IX 
32X 
33 ; 

33^ 
34^ 
35# . 
36 

36^ 
37-K 



Hawick Scale 

Cuts of 

800 yds. in 

26 oz. 



Galashiels Scale 

Cuts of 

300 yds. in 

24 oz. 



4-550 

6*825 

0/100 

11*375 

13*650 

I5*925 

l8*2O0 

20*475 
22*75o 
25*025 
27'3oo 
29*575 
31*850 
34-125 
36*400 
38*675 
40"95o 
43-225 
45*500 
47 '775 
50-050 

52 '3*5 
54-600 
56-875 
59-150 
6l*425 
63*700 
65*97S 
68*250 
70*525 
72*800 

75"°75 

77*350 
79-625 
81*900 
84-175 
86*450 
88*725 
91-000 

93-275 

95'55o 

97.825 

IOO'ioo 
102*375 
104*650 
I06*925 
I09'2oo 
111*475 
II3-750 



4*200 
6*3oo 
8*400 
10*500 
I2*6oo 
I4700 
l6*8oo 
l8*9oo 
2I*ooo 
23-100 
25-200 
27-300 
29*400 
3I-500 
33-600 

35-7°° 
37-800 
39-500 
42-000 
44-100 
46-200 
48-300 
50400 
52-500 
54-600 
56-700 
58-800 
60-900 
63-000 
65-100 
67-200 
69-300 
71-400 
73-500 
75-600 
77-700 
79-800 
81-900 
84-000 
S6-ioo 
88-200 
90-300 
92*400 
94 '500 
96*600 
98-700 
100-800 
102-900 
105-000 



Alloa Scale 
Spindles 

in 
24 lbs. 



Aberdeen ; 

Scale. 

lbs. 

per Spindle. 



I750 
2-625 
3-500 
4*375 
5-250 
6-X25 
7-000 

7 -87s 

8-750 
9-625 
IO-500 
11*375 
I2-2SQ 
I3'«5 
14-000 
14-875 
15-750 
16-625 
17-500 
18-375 
19*250 
20-125 
2IOOO 
21-875 
22-750 
23-625 
24-500 
25-375 
26-250 
27-125 
28*ooo 
28*875 
29-750 
30*625 
31*500 
32*375 
33*250 

34' 12 S 
35-000 

35' 8 75 

36*750 
37-623 
38-500 

39'37S 

40-250 
41-125 
42-000 
42 875 
43-750 



17-142 
1 1 -428 

8-57X 

6-857 

5-714 
4-897 
4-285 
3-809 
3-428 

3-116 

2-857 
2-637 
2-448 
2-285 
2-142 

2'oi6 

1*904 

1*804 

I*7i4 

1-632 

I-5S8 

I-490 

I 428 

I'37i 

I*3i8 

P269 

1*224 

1-182 

11** 

I-io6 

1-071 

1-038 

l-oo8 

O-970 

0'95' 

0-926 

0*902 

C879 

0-857 

0-836 

0-8:6 

0797 

0'779 

0-761 

0-745 

0*729 

G7'4 

0-699 

0-68 S 



Comparative ' Yarn Tables. 









Metres 


Italian Manchester LinenScale 




Cotton 


Yards 


Yards 


per 
Kilo- 


Scale 


Scale. 


Leas of " 


WTorsted 


Scale. 


per lb. 


per 02. 


in 


3rams per 


300 yds. 


Soale. 








gramme. 


Deniers. 1000 Yards. 


in 1 lb. 




25>£ 


21,420 


1.338* 


43,168 


207*5:50 


1 1 *95» 1 


71.400 


33* 


26 


21,840 


1,365 


44,oi5 


203*166 


1 1 *73X 


72*800 


39 ; 


26/z 


22,260 


1,391* 


44,861 


199*333 


11*500 \ 


74-200 


39* 


27 


22,680 


1,4*7* 


45,707 


195-643 


11*287 


75-600 


40* 


27# 


23,100 


1,443* 


46,554 


192-084 


H'C32 


77-000 


4i* 


28 


23.520 


1,470 


47,400 


l88'6S4 


10*884 


78*400 


42 * 


28# 


23,940 


1,496* 


48,247 


I85-345 


10*693 


70-800 


42* 


29 


24,360 


1,522* 


49,093 


182-149 


10*509 


8l*3CO 


43* 


29^ 


24,780 


1,548* 


40,94O 


179-062 


10*330 


82*6oO 


44* 


30 


25,200 


i,575 


50,786 


176-078 


10*158 


84*0OO 


45 ; 


30# 


25,620 


i,6oiX 


51,632 


I73' 101 


9*99« 


85*400 


45* 


31 


26,040 


1,627* 


52,479 


170*398 


9*831 


86-8O0 


46* 


31# 


26,460 


1,653* 


53,325 


167-693 


9*674 


88*200 


47* 


32 


26,880 


1,680 


54,H4 


165*073 


9*523 


89*600 


48 


32^ 


27,300 


1,706* 


55,Ol8 


162-333 


9*377 


91-000 


48* 


33 


27,720 


1,732* 


55,865 


160-070 


9*233 


92*400 


49* 


33^ 


28, 140 


1,758* 


56,7U 


157-681 


9*097 


93-800 


5o* 


34 


28,560 


1,785 


57,558 


155-362 


8*963 


95*200 


S 1 , 


34^ 


28,980 


l,8il# 


58,404 


I53 -xrx 


8*833 


96*600 


51* 


35 


29,400 


1,837* 


59,250 


150-923 


8*707 


98*000 


52* 


35>£ 


29,820 


1,863* 


60,097 


148-798 


8*584 


99*400 


53* 


36 


30,240 


1,890 


60,943 


146-731 


8*399 


100*800 


54 : 


36# 


30,660 


1,916* 


6l,790 


144*721 


8*349 


102*200 


54* 


37 


31,080 


1,942* 


62,636 


142*766 


8*236 


103-600 


55* 


37^ 


31,500 


1,968* 


63,483 


140*862 


8*126 


105-000 


56* 


38 


31,920 


i,995 , 


64,329 


139*009 


8*020 


106-400 


57 , 


38^ 


32,340 


2,02 1 # 


65,176 


137*203 


7-9I5 


107*800 


5 lK 


39 


32,760 


2,047,^ 


66,022 


I35'* 44 


7-814 


109-200 


58K 


w* 


33,l8o 


2,073* 


66,868 


233.729 


7*7*5 


IIO*6oo 


59* 


40 


33,600 


2,100 


67,715 


132-058 


7-619 


II2*ooo 


60 


40^ 


34,020 


2,I26X 


68,561 


130-427 


7*524 


113*400 


60* 


41 


34,440 


2,152^ 


69,408 


128-837 


7*433 


114*800 


61* 


&# 


34,860 


2,178* 


70,254 


127-285 


7*343 


116*200 


62* 


42 


35,28o 


2,205 


71,101 


125*769 


7*256 


Il7*6oo 


63 ; 


H&x 


35,7oo 


2,231* 


71,947 


124-290 


7-176 


IJ9'ooo 


63* 


43 


36,120 


2,257* 


72,794 


122*844 


7-087 


120*400 


64^ 


43# 


36,540 


2,283^ 


73,640 


121-432 


7-006 


I2I*8oo 


65* 


44 


36,960 


2,310 


74,486 


1 20*053 


6*926 


123*200 


66 


1t# 


37,38o 


2,336* 


75,333 


Il8'704 


6*848 


124*600 


66* 


45 


37,8oo 


2,362* 


76,179 


II7*385 


6*77» 


I26*ooo 


67* 


45^ 


38,220 


2,388* 


77,026 


fi6*095 


6*698 


I27*4oo 


68* 


46 


38,640 


2,4^5 


77,872 


II4-833 


6-625 


I28*8oo 


69 V 


46^ 


39,o6o 


2,441* 


78,719 


113*598 


6'5S4 


130*200 


69* 


47 


39,480 


2,467^ 


79,565 


II2-390 


6*484 


I3T600 


70* 


47^ 


39,9oo 


2,493* 


80,412 


111*207 


6*4*6 


133-000 


71* 


48 


40,320 


2,520 


81,258 


110*048 


6 349 


134*400 


72 


4£% 


40,740 


2,546* 


82,104 


Io8*9*4 


6*283 


135-800 


72* 


49 


41,160 


2,5/2* 


82,951 


107*802 


6*219 


137-200 


73* 


ts# 


41,580 


2,598* 


83,797 


Io6*7*3 


6*156 


138*600 


74* 


50 


42^000 


2,625 


84,644 


I05*566 


609S 


140*000 


75 



139 



Comparative^Yarn Tables. 









Metres 


Italian 


Manchester 


LinenSoale 




Cotton 


Yards 


Yards 


per 


Scale 


Scale. 


Leas of 


Worsted 


Scale. 


per lb. 


per oz. 


Kilo- 


in 


Drams per 


300 yds. in 


Scale. 








gramme. 


Deniers. 


1000 yds. 


lib. 




51 


42,840 


2,677^ 


5S»33 7 


I03'S75 


5*975 


142*800 


76^ 


52 


43,680 


2,730 : 


88,030 


101*583 


5-860 


145-600 


78 


53 


44,520 


2,782^ 


89,722 


99*666 


5*750 


148*400 


79>£ 


54 


45,36o 


2,835 ■ 


9i,4i5 


97*821 


5*643 


151-200 


81 


55 


46,200 


2,887^ 


93,108 


96*042 


5*54i 


154-000 


82^ 


56 


47,040 


2,940 ! 


94,8oi 


94*327 


5*442 


156*800 


84 


57 


47,880 


2,992>3 


96,494 


92- 6 72 


5*346 


159-600 


85K 


58 


48,720 


3,045 , 


98,195 


91*075 


5* 2 54 


162*400 


^7 


59 


49,560 


3,097^ 


99,880 


89*531 


5-165 


165*200 


88^ 


60 


50,400 


3,150 ■ 


101,573 


88*039 


5*079 


168*000 


90 


61 


51,240 


3,202^ 


103,265 


86*595 


4*996 


170*800 


91% 


62 


52,080 


3,255 , 


104,958 


85*i99 


4*9X5 


173-600 


93 


63 


52,920 


3,3°7 l A 


106,651 


83-846 


4*837 


176*400 


W/z 


64 


53,760 


3,360 


108,288 


82*536 


4*761 


179-200 


96 


65 


54,600 


lAi*Yz 


110,037 


81*266 


4-688 


182*000 


97^ 


66 


55,440 


3,465 , 


"i,730 


80*035 


4*6x7 


184*800 


99 


67 


56,280 


3.5*7# 


"3,423 


78*840 


4-548 


187*600 


100^ 


68 


57,120 


3,57o 


115,116 


77-681 


4*481 


1 90 '400 


102 


69 


57,96o 


3,622^ 


116,809 


76-555 


4*4x6 


193*200 


^y£ 


70 


58,800 


3,675 


118,501 


75-462 


4'353 


196*000 


io 5 


71 


59,640 


3,727^ 


120,194 


74-399 


4*292 


198-800 


io6y 2 


72 


60,480 


3,78o 


121,887 


73-366 


4-199 


20I *6oo 


108 


73 


61,320 


3,832^ 


123,580 


72-360 


4*X74 


204*400 


109K 


74 


62, 160 


3,885 


125,273 


7X-383 


4-118 


207 *2QO 


in 


75 


63,000 


3,937*4 


126,966 


70*43X 


4*063 


210*000 


"2# 


76 


63,840 


3,99o 


I2S,6 S9 


69*504 


4-0x0 


2I2'8oo 


114 


77 


64,680 


4,042^ 


130,352 


68-601 


3*957 


215*600 


™$% 


78 


65,520 


4,095 


132,045 


67*722 


3*907 


2l8*400 


117 


79 


66,360 


4>H7 l A 


'33,737 


66*864 


3*857 


221 '2O0 


«8# 


80 


67,200 


4,200 


135,430 


66*029 


3-809 


224*000 


120 


81 


68,040 


4,252^ 


137,123 


65*213 


3-762 


226*800 


I2I# 


82 


68,880 


4,305 , 


138,816 


64*4x8 


3-716 


229-600 


123 


83 


69,720 


4,357^ 


140,509 


63-642 


3-671 


232*400 


124*^ 


84 


70,560 


4,410 


142,202 


62*884 


3-628 


235-200 
238*000 


126 


85 


71,400 


4,462^ 


143,895 


62*145 


3-585 


127^ 


86 


72,240 


4,515 


145,588 


61*422 


3*543 


240*800 


129 


87 


73,080 


4,567>^ 


147,280 


60*716 


3*503 


243"6oo 


130^ 


88 


73,920 


4,620 


148,973 


60*026 


3-463 


246*400 


132 


89 


74,76o 


4,672^ 


150,666 


59*352 


3-424 


249*200 


133^ 


90 


75,6oo 


4,725 


152,359 


58-692 


3-386 


252*000 


'35 


91 


76,440 


4,777% 


154,052 


58-047 


3*349 


254*800 


136^ 


92 


77,280 


4,830 


155,744 


57-416 


3-312 


257*600 


138 


93 


78,120 


4,882^ 


157,438 


56-799 


3*277 


260*400 


139% 


94 


78,960 


4,935 


J59,i3i 


56-195 


3-242 


263-200 


141 


95 


79,800 


4,987^ 


160, «24 


55' 6 °3 


3-268 


266*000 


142^ 


96 


80,640 


5,040 


162,516 


55*° 2 4 


3-174 


268*800 


144 


97 


81,480 


5,092^ 


164,209 


54-457 


3-141 


271*600 


HS'A 


98 


82,320 


5,145 , 


165,902 


53-901 


3-109 


274*400 


147 


99 


83,160 


5,i97K 


167,595 
169,288 


53-356 1 


3-078 


277*206 


148X 


100 


84,000 


5,250 ^ 


52*783 1 


3*047 


280000 


J 50 



UO 



Comparative Yarn Tables. 



' 






Metres 


Italian 


Manchester 


Linen Scr.le. 


Cotton 


Yards 


Yards 


per 


Scale 


Scale. 


Leas of 


Scale. 


per lb. 


per oz. 


Kilo- 


in 


Drams per 
1000 yds. 


300 yds. in 








gramme. 


Deniers. 


I lb. 


105 


88,20O 


5.5"tf 


177,752 


50*307 


2*902 


294*000 


110 


92,400 


5,775 


186,217 


48*021 


2*77o 


308 000 


115 


96,600 


6,037^ 


194,681 


45*933 


2*650 


322*000 


120 


100,800 


6,300 


203,146 


44*019 


2*539 


336000 


125 


105,000 


6,562^ 
6,825 , 


2ll,6l0 


42-2S8 


2*438 


350-000 


ISO 


109,200 


220,075 


40*633 


2*344 


364000 


1S5 


H3,400 


7,o8?K 


228,539 


39-128 


2*257 


378000 


140 


117,600 


7,35o y 


237,003 


37*731 


2.176 


392 000 


145 


121,800 


7,6 1 2>£ 


245,468 


36*429 


2'IOI 


406 000 


150 


126,000 


1> S7S , 


253,932 


35' 215 


2*031 


420*000 


155 


130,200 


8,i37K 


262,397 


34*079 


1-966 


434-000 


180 


134,400 


8,400 


270,861 


33-014 


I*904 


448-000 


165 


138,600 


8,662^ 


279,326 


32*014 


1*847 


462*000 


170 


142,800 


8,925 


287,790 


31*072 


1*792 


476000 


175 


147,000 


9,187^ 


296,254 


30*184 


I*74i 


490*000 


180 


151,200 


9,450 , 


304,719 


29*346 


1-693 


504*000 


185 


155,400 


9.7'2# 


313,183 


28*553 


1*647 


518*000 


190 


159,600 


9,975 


321,648 


27*801 


1*604 


532*000 


195 


163,800 


10,237 y z 


330,112 


27-088 


1*562 


546*000 


200 


168,000 


10,500 


338,577 


26*392 


1-523 


560*000 


205 


172,200 


10,762^ 


347,041 


25*767 


1-486 


574-000 


210 


176,400 


11,025 


355,505 


25*154 


I -451 


588*000 


215 


180,600 


11,287^ 


363,970 , 


24*568 


I'4i7 


602*000 


220 


184,800 


".55o , 


372,432 v ' 


24*010 


I-385 


616*000 


225 


189,000 


H,8l2tf l 


380,898 


23*477 


1*354 


630-000 


280 


193,200 


12,075 


389,363 


22 '966 


1*325 


644-000 


235 


197,400 


12,337 J£ 


397.827 


22*472 


1-296 


658*000 


240 


201,600 


12,600 


406,292 


22*°°9 


!> 269 


672000 


245 


205,800 


12,862^ 


414.756 


21*560 


I *243 ! 


686*000 


250 


210,000 


13,125 


423,221 


21*1-9 


1'2I9 


700-000 


255 


214,200 


i3,387K 


43^,685 


20*715 


1-195 


714-000 


260 


218,400 


13,650 


440,150 


20*3i6 


1*72 


728-000 


265 


222,600 


13,912^ 


448,614 


19*933 


I-15© 


742 000 


270 


226,800 


M,i75 


457>078 


19*564 


I«xa8 


756*000 


275 


231,000 


14.437^ 


465,543 


IQ'208 


I'SoS 


770*000 


280 


235,200 


14.700 


474,007 


l8'86 5 


I-o88 


784*000 
798-000 


285 


239,400 


14,962^ 


482,472 


18*534 


ro©9 


290 


243,600 


15,225 


490,936 


18*214 


1*050 


812000 


295 


247,800 


15,487*2 


499,401 


,7.906 


1-033 


826*000 


800 


252,000 


i5,75o 


507,865 


17*607 


I -015 


840*000 


305 


256,200 


16,012^ 


516,329 


17*319 


0-999 


854-000 


310 


260,400 


16,275 


524,794 


I7*039 


0*983 


868*000 


315 


264,600 


i6,537K 


533.258 


16*769 


0*067 


882*000 


320 


268,800 


16,800 


541,723 


l6*507 


0*952 


896*000 


325 


273,000 


17,062^ 


550,187 


l6*253 


0*937 


910000 


330 


277,200 


17,325 


558,652 


16*007 


0*923 


924*000 


335 


281,400 


I7,587X 


567,116 


I5*768 


0-909 


938*000 


340 


285,600 


17,850 


575,58o 


I5*536 


0*896 


952*000 


345 


289,800 


I8,II2# 


584,045 


15*311 


0*883 


966*000 


«3£0 


294,000 . 


18,375 . 


592>5°9 


15-092 


0*870 


980000 



141 



Comparative Yarn Tables: 



Cotton 


Yards 


Yards 


Metres per 


Italian 
Scale 


Manchester 
Scale. 


Linen Scale. 
Leas of 


Scale. 


per lb. 


per oz. 


Kilogramme. 


in 
Deniers. 


Drams per 
1000 yds. 


SOO yds. in 
lib. 


355 


298,200 


18,637^ 


600,974 


14*879 


0^58 


r 
994*000 


360 


302,400 


18,900 


609,438 


14-673 


0*846 


1,008*000 


365 


306,600 


I9,l62^ 


617,903 


14*472 


0-834 


1,022*000 


370 


310,800 


19,425 


626,367 


14*276 


0*823 


1,036*000 


375 


3IS,000 


19,687^ 


634,832 


14-086 


0*3i2 


1,050*000 


380 


319,200 


*9,95o 


643,296 


13900 


0*802 


1,064-000 


385 


323,400 


20,212^ 


651,761 


13*730 


0*79i 


1,078*000 


390 


327,600 


20,475 


660,225 


13*544 


0*781 


1,092*000 


395 


331,800 


2o,737K 


668,690 


I3'372 


0*77i 


1. 106*000 


400 


336,000 


21,000 


677,155 


13-196 


0*76i 


1, 120*000 


405 


340,200 


21,262^ 


685,619 


13*042 


0*752 


1,134*000 


410 


344,400 


21,525 


694,082 


12-883 


0*743 


1,148*000 


415 


348,600 


2i,787K 


702,548 


12-728 


0*734 


1,162*000 


420 


352,800 


22,050 


711,011 


12*577 


0*735 


1,176*000 


425 


357,000 


22,312^ 


719,477 


12-428 


0*7i7 


1, 190*000 


430 


361,200 


22,575 


727,940 


12*284 


0*708 


1,204-000 


435 


365,400 


22,837^ 


736,406 


12-143 


0*700 


1, 218*000 


440 


369,600 


23,100 


744*869 


12*005 


0*692 


1,232*000 


445 


373,8oo 


23,362^ 


753,334 


1 1 -870 


0*684 


1,246.000 


450 


378,000 


23,625 


76i,797 


ir738 


0-677 


1,260-000 


455 


382,200 


23,887^ 


770,262 


11-609 


0*669 


1,274-000 


460 


386,400 


24,150 


7?S,727 


11*483 


0"66a 


1, 288 000 


465 


390,600 


24,412^ 


787,191 


11*359 


0*655 


1,302-000 


470 


394,800 


24,675 


795.655 


11*236 


0*648 


1,316*000 


475 


399,000 


24.937K 


804,120 


Il'iao 


0*64* 


1,330-000 


480 


403,200 


25,200 


812,584 


11-004 


0*634 


1,344-000 


485 


407,400 


25,462^ 


821,048 


10-891 


0*628 


1,358*000 


490 


411,600 


25,725 


829,513 


IO780 


0*621 


1,372*000 


495 


415,800 


25,987K 


837,977 


10*671 


0*615 


1,386*000 


500 


420,000 


26,250 


846,443 


IC564 


0*609 


1,400*000 


505 


424,200 


26,512^ 


854,906 


10*460 


0*603 


1,414*000 


510 


428,400 


26,775 


063,371 


IO*357 


0*597 


1,428*000 


515 


432,600 


27,037^ 


871,835 


10*256 


0*59* 


1,442-000 


520 


436,800 


27,300 


880,300 


IO-X58 


0-586 


1,456*000 


525 


441,000 


27,562^ 
27,825 


888,764 


IO'o6i 


0*580 


1,470*000 


530 


445,200 


897,229 


9-966 


0'575 


1,484*000 


635 


449,400 


28,087^ 


905,692 


9*873 


0-569 


1,498*000 


540 


453,600 


28,350 


914,157 


9-782 


0'564 


1,512*000 


545 


457,8oo 


28,612^ 


922,621 


9-692 


0*559 


1,526*000 


550 


462,000 


28,875 


931,086 


9-604 


0'5S4 


1,540*000 


555 


466, 200 


29,i37K 


939,55o 


9-5I7 


0*549 


1,554-000 


560 


470,400 


29,400 


948,015 


9*432 


0*544 


1,568 000 


565 


474,600 


29,662^ 


956,479 


9*349 


0'539 


1,582-000 


670 


478, Soo 


29,925 


964,944 


9-267 


0534 


1,596*000 


575 


483,000 


30,187^ 


973,409 


9-186 


530 


r, 610-000 


580 
585 


487,200 


30.450 


981,873 


9-107 


0*525 


1,624-000 


491,400 


30,712^ 


990,338 


9-029 


0*520 


1,638 000 


590 


495,600 


3o,975 


998,802 


8-953 


0*5*6 


1,652-000 


595 


499,800 


31,237^ 


1,007,267 


8-877 


0'5i2' 


1,666000 


600 


504,000 


31,500 | 


'.015,731 


8-803 


0'507 


1,680 000 



142 



PRINCIPLES OF THE COUNTS. 



Cotton Scale. 



Yards per lb. 
Yards per oz. 

Yds. per dram. 



Metres per 
Kilogramme. 



Italian Scale. 



Manchester 
Scale. 

Linen Scale. 



Worsted 
Scale. 

Kawick Scale. 



Galashiels 
Scale. 

Alloa Scale. 



Aberdeen 
Scale. 



The hank is 840 yds., and the number of such hanks in 
I lb. avoirdupois is the count of the yarn. The same 
scale is used for Patent Silk. */ 4 o 8 Cotton means single 
40 s doubled to 20 s j but 2/40* Patent Silk (better written 
40/2 for distinction) is single 80 s doubled to 40 s - . A 
spindle is 18 hanks=i5,i20 yds. 

Is the most simple of all the scales. 

Is used in Dewsbury for Woollen yarn, and in Yorkshire 
generally for Organzine Silk, and is sometimes called 
the West of England scale. 

Used in Huddersfield district for Woollen Yarn. T 20 
" skein " yarn, means that 20 yds. will weigh I dram. 

French and Swiss No. 100 s . means 100,000 metres to the 
Kilogramme. This table is based on I metre=39'37<> 
inches, I Kilo.=2-=o4 lbs. 

Authorities differ considerably as to the length of the 
hank, and the weight of a denier. Wc follow the rule 
of the London Silk Conditioning House, which is an 
acknowledged authority in all disputes. The hank is 
400 French eIis=476metres=52oyards. 533V3 deniers 
make 1 oz avoirdupois The number of deniers that 
one such hank weighs is the count of the yarn. 

The hank is 1000 yds., and the number of drams that 
such a hank weighs is the count of the Yarn. 

The hank 6r Lea is 300 yds., and the number of these in 
I lb. is the count of the yarn. A spindle is 48 Leas 
=14,400 yds. A bundle is 200 Leas— 60,000 yds. 

The hank is 560 yds., and the number of such hanks in 
1 lb. is the count of the yarn. 

The Cut is 300 yds., and the number of Cuts in 26 oz. 
is the count of the yarn. A spindle is 48. cuts= 
14,400 yds. A Slip is 12 Cuts. 

The Cut is 300 yds., and the number of Cuts in 24 oz. 
is the count of the yarn. A spindle is 48 cuts= 
14.400 yds. A Slip is 12 Cuts. 

Used also in Stilling, Kilmarnock and elsewhere. The 
Cut is 240 yds. 48 Cuts=i 1,520 yds. make a spindle. 
The number of such spindles in zx lb. is the count of 
the yarn. 

The spindle is 14,400 yds., and the number of lbs.' 2. 
spindle weighs is the count of the yarn. No. I s or ** 1 
lb. yarn" is 14,400 yds. to the lb. 



(l 1 



< 



a 
a: 
< 

< 

Of 

< 




to 
o 

(0 



h i 
0< 



p; 
o 



Atherton Machine Co. 

BUILDERS OF THE 
LATEST MODERN IMPROVED 

SILK [MACHINERY 




KENNEDY'S LATEST SWIVEL LOOM. 

Winders, Power Warpers, Dpublers, Quilling Frames, Broad 
Looms, Ribbon Looms, Ribbon Blockers. Silk Finishing Machinery 
and Throwing Machinery a Specialty. All Grades of Chemical, 
Ticker and Ribbon Paper Cu1 to any Desired Size and Properly 
Rolled. Pullies, Hangers, Shafting and General Mill Wrights, 
Iron and Brass Foundry Attached. Estimates Cheerfully Given. 

FRANKLIN HULLS, IDILL ST., PflTERSON, N- J. 



